Should I lay or should I wait? Egg-laying in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch

Clotuche, Gwendoline; Turlure, Camille; Mailleux, Anne-Catherine; Detrain, Claire; Hance, Thierry

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2012.09.014

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Nevertheless, larvae spin silk for reasons other than cocoon making. For example, the presence of silk positively influenced the probability of a female of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae to lay an egg 30 . Solitary lepidopteran larvae also leave silken thread on leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silkworms suppress the release of green leaf volatiles by mulberry leaves with an enzyme from their spinnerets

Takai

Ozawa

Takabayashi

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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In response to herbivory, plants emit a blend of volatile organic compounds that includes green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and terpenoids. These volatiles are known to attract natural enemies of herbivores and are therefore considered to function as an indirect defense. Selection should favor herbivores that are able to suppress these volatile emissions, and thereby make themselves less conspicuous to natural enemies. We tested this possibility for silkworms, which were observed to leave secretions from their spinnerets while feeding on mulberry leaves. When we ablated the spinnerets of silkworms, no secretions were observed. Leaves infested by intact silkworms released smaller amounts of GLVs than leaves infested by ablated silkworms, indicating that the spinneret secretion suppressed GLV production. This difference in GLV emissions was also reflected in the behavioral response of Zenillia dolosa (Tachinidae), a parasitoid fly of silkworms. The flies laid fewer eggs when exposed to the volatiles from intact silkworm-infested leaves than when exposed to the volatiles from ablated silkworm-infested leaves. We identified a novel enzyme in the secretion from the spinneret that is responsible for the GLV suppression. The enzyme converted 13(S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E,15Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of GLVs, into its keto-derivative in a stereospecific manner. Taken together, this study shows that silkworms are able to feed on mulberry in a stealthy manner by suppressing GLV production with an enzyme in secretions of their spinnerets, which might be a countermeasure against induced indirect defense by mulberry plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silkworms suppress the release of green leaf volatiles by mulberry leaves with an enzyme from their spinnerets

Takai

Ozawa

Takabayashi

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Similarly, the two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae can disperse alone, either actively walking or being passively transported by other organisms or by wind (ballooning), or collectively, by forming silk balls that are transported by wind. Clotuche et al (, ) recently elucidated some of the mechanisms and cost/benefit ratios involved in collective dispersal via silk balls. Typically, solitary dispersal is performed by mated females, while silk balls are mostly composed of immature individuals of both sexes.…”

Section: Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, when dispersing alone in areas where mates are not available or scarce, individuals settling in suitable habitat are prone to Allee effects. Clotuche et al () not only showed that silk balls mainly contain immature stages, but also that individuals do not segregate according to relatedness or sex. Moreover, silk balls help to reduce the risk of dessication during ballooning.…”

Section: Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural synchronization of large‐scale animal movements – disperse alone, but migrate together?

et al. 2016

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Dispersal and migration are superficially similar large-scale movements, but which appear to differ in terms of inter-individual behavioural synchronization. Seasonal migration is a striking example of coordinated behaviour, enabling animal populations to track spatio-temporal variation in ecological conditions. By contrast, for dispersal, while social context may influence an individual's emigration and settlement decisions, transience is believed to be mostly a solitary behaviour. Here, we review differences in drivers that may explain why migration appears to be more synchronized than dispersal. We derive the prediction that the contrast in the importance of behavioural synchronization between dispersal and migration is linked to differences in the selection pressures that drive their respective evolution. Although documented examples of collective dispersal are rare, this behaviour may be more common than currently believed, with important consequences for eco-evolutionary dynamics. Crucially, to date, there is little available theory for predicting when we should expect collective dispersal to evolve, and we also lack empirical data to test predictions across species. By reviewing the state of the art in research on migration and collective movements, we identify how we can harness these advances, both in terms of theory and data collection, to broaden our understanding of synchronized dispersal and its importance in the context of global change.

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“…In insects, egg-laying decisions of females can be critical for the survival and fitness of offspring, and research on such decisions has been central to understanding insect population dynamics, life-history evolution, insect-insect and insect-plant interactions, and pest management [ 1 – 4 ]. Egg-layers make choices based on a variety of factors, including the physical and chemical qualities of the substrate, risk of predation, and competition [ 1 , 4 – 6 ]. Information gathered by the female when assessing a substrate may involve one or more sensory modalities; the best studied being chemical, but visual and tactile modalities have also received attention [ 7 – 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information gathered by the female when assessing a substrate may involve one or more sensory modalities; the best studied being chemical, but visual and tactile modalities have also received attention [ 7 – 10 ]. Furthermore, both cues and signals are used by females to gauge conditions for decision-making regarding egg laying, where signals evolved to convey information from sender to receiver, while cues are inadvertent products of selection on another trait [ 1 , 4 , 9 ]. For example, chemical cues and signals encompass a range of compounds widely recognized as important host and egg-laying markers [ 7 , 9 , 11 ], while tactile signals seem also important for host selection among seed beetles [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaking Youngsters and Shaken Adults: Female Beetles Eavesdrop on Larval Seed Vibrations to Make Egg-Laying Decisions

Guedes

Yack

2016

PLoS ONE

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Egg-laying decisions are critical for insects, and particularly those competing for limited resources. Sensory information used by females to mediate egg-laying decisions has been reported to be primarily chemical, but the role of vibration has received little attention. We tested the hypothesis that vibrational cues produced by feeding larvae occupying a seed influences egg-laying decisions amongst female cowpea beetles. This hypothesis is supported by three lines of evidence using two strains of the cowpea beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus), an Indian strain with choosy females and aggressively competing larvae and a Brazilian strain with less choosy females and larvae exhibiting an “accommodating” type of competition. First, in free-choice bioassays of seed selection, choosy Indian females selected control seeds (free of eggs, larvae, or egg-laying marker) over seeds with live larvae (free of eggs and egg-laying marker), but did not discriminate between control seeds and those with dead larvae. In contrast, less choosy Brazilian females showed no preference for seeds containing live or dead larvae over controls. Second, laser-doppler vibrometer recordings confirmed that larvae feeding inside seeds generate vibrations that are available to the female during egg-laying decisions. Third, during dichotomous choice experiments where artificial vibrations approximating those produced by feeding larvae were played back during seed selection, Indian females preferred immobile control seeds over vibrating seeds, but Brazilian females showed no preference. These results support the hypothesis that females use larval vibrations in their egg-laying decisions; whether these vibrations are passive cues exploited by the female, or active signals that ‘steer’ the behaviour of the female is unknown. We propose that vibration cues and signals could be important for host selection in insects, particularly those laying on substrates where visual or chemical cues may be unreliable. This seems to be the case with females of the cowpea beetle since visual cues are not important and chemical egg-marking does not last more than two weeks, allowing vibration cues to improve discrimination of egg-laying substrate particularly by choosy females.

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Should I lay or should I wait? Egg-laying in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Silkworms suppress the release of green leaf volatiles by mulberry leaves with an enzyme from their spinnerets

Silkworms suppress the release of green leaf volatiles by mulberry leaves with an enzyme from their spinnerets

Behavioural synchronization of large‐scale animal movements – disperse alone, but migrate together?

Shaking Youngsters and Shaken Adults: Female Beetles Eavesdrop on Larval Seed Vibrations to Make Egg-Laying Decisions

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