“…Some notable examples of functional alignment are not new and include specific management systems such as total quality management or other quality assurance systems in which stages of the value chain are treated as internal customer constituencies and dyadic exchange is manifest within the organization (Krohmer, Homburg, & Workman, 2002). These are generic functional integration tools, however, and sit alongside a developed literature on marketing and sales integration (Homburg, Jensen, & Krohmer, 2008) and marketing and new product development integration (Ernst, Hoyer, & Rubsaamen, 2010), while purchasing and marketing integration has received little specific attention.…”