Should the ketogenic diet be considered for enhancing fertility?

Kulak, David; Polotsky, Alex J.

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.10.003

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A systematic review on the effect of weight loss on fertility noted that although using very low energy diets increased fertility outcomes, results were not as high as those seen in lifestyle interventions [5]. Kulak and Polotsky (2013) argue that there is scientific plausibility that a ketogenic diet should enhance fertility in certain populations [1]. However, one of the common criticisms about low carbohydrate diets is often that they result in weight regain [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a Assessed using The Quality Criteria Checklist for Primary Research [17]; b Validity items: [1] research question stated; [2] subject selection free from bias; [3] comparable study groups; [4] method for withdrawals described; [5] blinding used; [6] interventions described; [7] outcomes stated, measurements valid and reliable; [8] appropriate statistical analysis; [9] appropriate conclusions, limitations described; [10] funding and sponsorship free from bias. Validity items 2, 3, 6, 7 must be satisfied for a positive quality rating.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that approximately 7% of women of reproductive age have some form of sub-fertility [1,2]. Pre-conception weight is one of the major risk factors for fertility outcomes and it is well accepted that weight loss improves fertility in overweight and obese women [3,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The benefits to this patient cohort include more regular menstrual cycles, better quality embryos available for transfer, less dosage requirement for medications and the need for fewer treatment cycles. Moreover, weight loss of as little as 5%–10% can be significant in improving hormonal imbalances, reducing rates of spontaneous abortions and miscarriages [1,2]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diets on Fertility Hormones and Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Women: A Systematic Review

McGrice

Porter

2017

Nutrients

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(1) Background: Medical interventions including assisted reproductive technologies have improved fertility outcomes for many sub-fertile couples. Increasing research interest has investigated the effect of low carbohydrate diets, with or without energy restriction. We aimed to systematically review the published literature to determine the extent to which low carbohydrate diets can affect fertility outcomes; (2) Methods: The review protocol was registered prospectively with Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD42016042669) and followed Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Infertile women were the population of interest, the intervention was low carbohydrate diets (less than 45% total energy from carbohydrates), compared to usual diet (with or without co-treatments). Four databases were searched from date of commencement until April 2016; a supplementary Google scholar search was also undertaken. Title and abstract, then full text review, were undertaken independently and in duplicate. Reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews were checked to ensure that all relevant studies were identified for inclusion. Quality assessment was undertaken independently by both authors using the Quality Criteria Checklist for Primary Research. Outcome measures were improved fertility outcomes defined by an improvement in reproductive hormones, ovulation rates and/or pregnancy rates; (3) Results: Seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the evidence synthesis. Interventions were diverse and included a combination of low carbohydrate diets with energy deficit or other co-treatments. Study quality was rated as positive for six studies, suggesting a low risk of bias, with one study rated as neutral. Of the six studies which reported changes in reproductive hormones, five reported significant improvements post intervention; (4) Conclusion: The findings of these studies suggest that low carbohydrate diets warrant further research to determine their effect. These randomised controlled trials should consider the effect of carbohydrates (with or without energy deficit) on hormonal and fertility outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diets on Fertility Hormones and Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Women: A Systematic Review

McGrice

Porter

2017

Nutrients

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“…Low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) and very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are increasingly used for the management of a range of health conditions, including neurological disorders, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and various cancers. (Castro et al 2015;Henderson et al 2006;Keene 2006;Kulak & Polotsky 2013;Lefevre & Aronson 2000;Levy et al 2012;Maalouf et al 2009;Neal et al 2008;Paoli et al 2013;Sumithran & Proietto 2008;Varshneya et al 2015) They are also used widely in the general population for weight-loss and maintenance, (Bueno et al 2013) with improved satiety and control of hunger frequently reported by those who adhere to these diets. (Johnstone et al 2008;McClernon et al 2007;Paoli et al 2015) Despite the potential offered by LCHF and low-carbohydrate, high-protein (LCHP) diets, there is little evidence for the superiority of greater carbohydrate restriction compared to moderate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Low-carbohydrate diets differing in carbohydrate restriction improve cardiometabolic and anthropometric markers in healthy adults: A randomised clinical trial (v0.2)"

Huntriss¹

2019

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Background. Low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diets are useful for treating a range of health conditions, but there is little research evaluating the degree of carbohydrate restriction on outcome measures. This study compares anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes between differing carbohydrate-restricted diets. Objective. Our hypothesis was that moderate carbohydrate restriction is easier to maintain and more effective for improving cardiometabolic health markers than greater restriction. Design. Seventy-seven healthy participants were randomised to a very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD), low-carbohydrate diet (LCD), or moderate-low carbohydrate diet (MCD), containing 5%, 15% and 25% total energy from carbohydrate respectively, for 12-weeks. Anthropometric and metabolic health measures were taken at baseline and at 12 weeks. Using ANOVA, both within and between-group outcomes were analysed. Results. Of 77 participants, 39 (51%) completed the study. In these completers overall, significant reductions in weight and body mass index occurred ([mean change] 3.7 kg/m 2 ; 95% confidence limits [CL]: 3.8, 1.8), along with increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (0.49 mmol/L; 95% CL; 0.06, 0.92; p = 0.03), and total cholesterol concentrations (0.11 mmol/L; 95% CL; 0.00, 0.23; p = 0.05). Triglyceride (TG) levels were reduced by 0.12 mmol/L (95% CL;-0.20, 0.02; p = 0.02). No significant changes occurred between groups. The largest improvements in HDL-c and TG and anthropometric changes occurred for the VLCKD group. Conclusions. LCHF diets have a positive effect on markers of health. Adherence to the allocation of carbohydrate was more easily achieved in MCD, and LCD groups compared to VLCKD and there were comparable improvements in weight loss and waist circumference and greater improvements in HDL-c and TG with greater carbohydrate restriction.

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Ketogenic Diet as a Possible Non-pharmacological Therapy in Main Endocrine Diseases of the Female Reproductive System: A Practical Guide for Nutritionists

Camajani¹,

Feraco

Verde³

et al. 2023

Curr Obes Rep

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Purposeof Review This narrative review explored the role of ketogenic diets (KDs) in improving fertility outcomes, low-grade inflammation, body weight, visceral adipose tissue, and its potential use in certain types of cancer, through its favorable actions on mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species generation, chronic inflammation, and tumor growth inhibition. Recent Findings Nutrition is crucial to maintain the female reproductive system’s health. Evidence on the association between diet and female reproductive system has greatly expanded over the last decade, leading to the identification of specific diet therapy, particularly KDs. KDs has been proved to be an effective weight-loss tool. To date, KDs is being increasingly used in the treatment of many diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus. KDs is a dietary intervention capable of ameliorating the inflammatory state and oxidative stress through several mechanisms. Summary Due to the increasing use of KDs beyond obesity, this literature review will provide the latest scientific evidence of its possible use in common disorders of the female endocrine-reproductive tract, and a practical guide to its use in these patients.

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Should the ketogenic diet be considered for enhancing fertility?

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diets on Fertility Hormones and Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Women: A Systematic Review

The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diets on Fertility Hormones and Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Women: A Systematic Review

Peer Review #2 of "Low-carbohydrate diets differing in carbohydrate restriction improve cardiometabolic and anthropometric markers in healthy adults: A randomised clinical trial (v0.2)"

Ketogenic Diet as a Possible Non-pharmacological Therapy in Main Endocrine Diseases of the Female Reproductive System: A Practical Guide for Nutritionists

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