2013
DOI: 10.2501/ijmr-2013-056
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Should the Third Reminder be Sent? The Role of Survey Response Timing on Web Survey Results

Abstract: Decreasing survey response rates are a growing concern as survey estimates may be biased by selective non-response. One method of assessing non-response bias is to examine the timing of survey response, specifically comparing those who respond late to a survey with those who respond early. This paper draws upon data obtained from multiple panel surveys conducted over a six-month period, and examines whether early, intermediate and late respondents differ significantly in demographics or in their responses to s… Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…Although many academic studies report higher survey response rates, in studies that share some of the characteristics of our survey (e.g., longer email surveys to employees), we found response rates as low as .1% (Crouch, Robinson, & Pitts, 2011). Based, however, on other research that is similar to ours, such as Rao and Pennington's (Rao & Pennington, 2013) response rate of 11.2%, and on guidance from professional survey companies, who advise clients to expect large surveys to generate a response rate of 10% -20% (Constant Contact, 2013), we expected our response rate to fall between 10% -20%.…”
Section: Participants and Procedurescontrasting
confidence: 54%
“…Although many academic studies report higher survey response rates, in studies that share some of the characteristics of our survey (e.g., longer email surveys to employees), we found response rates as low as .1% (Crouch, Robinson, & Pitts, 2011). Based, however, on other research that is similar to ours, such as Rao and Pennington's (Rao & Pennington, 2013) response rate of 11.2%, and on guidance from professional survey companies, who advise clients to expect large surveys to generate a response rate of 10% -20% (Constant Contact, 2013), we expected our response rate to fall between 10% -20%.…”
Section: Participants and Procedurescontrasting
confidence: 54%
“…Sending out varying rounds of reminders in our survey (1–3 rounds, with a mean of 2) might have led to response bias by missing individuals who did not respond to the initial invite plus first reminder, but would have responded to follow-up reminders. Empirical evidence, however, identified the initial invite as key, with low return ( 35 ) and lower data quality ( 36 ) in reminders, but no additional recruitment of actual “non-responders” with different features compared with respondents from the first invite ( 37 ). One might argue that the moderate response rate (compared with earlier surveys on the topic ( 11 , 12 )), missing information about non-respondents, and the respondents’ high comfort level with EBM suggest the presence of participation bias ( 11 ), where those with experience in EBM were more likely to participate.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This evidence suggests a low likelihood of common method variance. Surveys may be prone to non-response bias, in that the analysis is based solely on data from respondents that choose to participate (Rao and Pennington, 2013). This phenomenon can affect the study by orienting the results toward participants with a hidden bias regarding or interest in the study.…”
Section: Common Methods Variance and Response Biasmentioning
confidence: 99%