of splanchnic vein thrombosis 1 thanks to vein recanalization. Recent data support this hypothesis and show that the incidence of both recurrent VTE and major bleedings was the lowest during anticoagulation, increased after treatment discontinuation, and was the highest in never -treated patients. 4 These results were confirmed even in specific subgroups of patients at a higher risk, such as those with solid cancer, liver cirrhosis, and incidentally detected SVT. 4 Despite the fact that several observational studies and a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted over the last years in the attempt to fill the knowledge gap, therapeutic management of SVT still remains heterogeneous, current treatment recommendations vary widely across clinical practice guidelines, and every day clinicians have to struggle with the decision of which patients should be treated and which anticoagulant regimen should be administered. 1,5-9 Introduction Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is generally defined as an unusual-site vein thrombosis and includes portal, mesenteric, or splenic vein thrombosis, and the Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). 1 SVT is a relatively rare disease, with incidence rates at least 25 times lower than those of usual-site venous thromboembolism (VTE). 2 Roughly one-third of the cases are incidentally detected during abdominal imaging performed for other reasons, and liver cirrhosis and solid cancer represent the main risk factors for SVT development.
2,3While the beneficial effects of anticoagulation on vein recanalization and thrombus progression or recurrence may be expected, its safety profile may be uncertain given the increased perceived risk of portal hypertension-related bleeding. However, anticoagulation improves splanchnic hemodynamics and may reduce the said risk