Shoulder and elbow injuries in soccer goalkeepers versus field players in the National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2009–2010 through 2013–2014

Goodman, Avi D.; Etzel, Christine M; Raducha, Jeremy E.; Owens, Brett D.

doi:10.1080/00913847.2018.1462083

Cited by 19 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Previous literature suggests that injuries are most likely to occur in the setting of competition and during in-season play. 4,9,10 These findings were consistent with results of our analysis, which suggested a significant 3.5-times higher injury rate during competition than practice and higher IRRs for in-season events. Contact was the most common injury mechanism, comprising 67% of total injuries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…5,16 Literature specifically discussing NCAA football players has reported a higher overall incidence as well—13.20 per 10,000 AEs. 10 The injury rate reported in the baseball-specific literature is an order of magnitude higher than our all-athletes overall rate of 1.76 injuries per 10,000 AEs. However, the prior football literature has reported rates comparable with the rates in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Men’s football and wrestling have traditionally been associated with the highest rates of elbow subluxation-dislocation events, which was consistent with the highest and second highest number of injuries in these 2 sports, respectively (see Tables 1 and 11). 6,9–11 Additionally, wrestling and football are contact sports, which may contribute to the overall higher number of injuries secondary to a contact mechanism. Many positions in which the athlete’s hand is on the ground while a contact force is applied may be the cause of the high injury rates seen in these particular sports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elbow Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: A 5-Season Epidemiological Study

Hassebrock

Patel

Makovicka

et al. 2019

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Little research has focused on the rates and patterns of elbow injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes. Purpose: To describe the epidemiological patterns of elbow injuries in NCAA athletes during 5 seasons over the academic years 2009 through 2014 using the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) database. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A voluntary convenience sample of NCAA varsity teams from 11 sports was examined to determine the rates and patterns of elbow injuries. Rates and distributions of elbow injuries were identified within the context of sport, event type, time in season, mechanism, time lost from sport, surgical treatment, and injury type. Rates of injury were calculated as the number of injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures (AEs). An AE was defined as any student participation in 1 NCAA-sanctioned practice or competition with an inherent risk of exposure to potential injury. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were then calculated to compare the rates within and between sports by event type, season, sex, mechanism, surgical treatment, and time lost from sport. Comparisons between sexes were made using only sports data that had both male and female samples. Results: Overall, 373 elbow injuries were reported in the NCAA-ISP data set during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years among 11 varsity sports. The overall rate of injury was 1.76 per 10,000 AEs. The rate of elbow injuries in men was 0.74 per 10,000 AEs, while women experienced injuries at a rate of 0.63 per 10,000 AEs. In sex-comparable sports, men were 1.17 times more likely to experience an elbow injury compared with women. Men’s wrestling (6.00/10,000 AEs) and women’s tennis (1.86/10,000 AEs) were the sports with the highest rates of elbow injuries by sex, respectively. The top 3 highest injury rates overall occurred in men’s wrestling, baseball, and tennis. Elbow injuries were 3.5 times more likely to occur during competition compared with practice. Athletes were 0.76 times less likely to sustain an elbow injury during the preseason compared with in-season. Contact events were the most common mechanism of injury (67%). For sex-comparable sports, men were 2.41 times more likely than women to have contact as their injury mechanism (95% CI, 0.78-7.38). The majority of athletes missed less than 24 hours of participation time (67%), and only a minority (3%) of patients with elbow injuries went on to have surgical intervention. Elbow ulnar collateral ligament injuries were most common (26% of total injuries). Conclusion: Analysis of the study data demonstrated a significant rate of elbow injuries, 1.76 injuries per 10,000 AEs in NCAA collegiate athletes. Higher injury rates can be expected in males within sex-comparable sports. Elbow injuries are most common in the setting of competitions and most commonly occur secondary to contact-type mechanisms. Injuries were more likely to occur during in-season play. The majority of injuries required less than 24 hours of time away from sport and did not require surgical intervention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elbow Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: A 5-Season Epidemiological Study

Hassebrock

Patel

Makovicka

et al. 2019

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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“…Some studies have investigated shoulder injuries in soccer players, regardless of the playing level, with a primary interest in goalkeepers. 5,11,19,26 In addition, a number of studies have reported on soccer-related injuries seen in emergency departments. 16,17,23,25,27 For example, Sytema et al 25 described that upper extremity injuries constituted 27% of all soccer injuries seen at an emergency department.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand, Wrist, and Forearm Injuries in Male Professional Soccer Players: A Prospective Cohort Study of 558 Team-Seasons From 2001-2002 to 2018-2019

Andersson

Bengtsson

Waldén

et al. 2021

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: The literature on upper extremity injuries in professional soccer players is scarce, and further insight into the onset and cause of these injuries as well as potential differences between goalkeepers and outfield players is important. Purpose: To investigate the epidemiology of hand, wrist, and forearm injuries in male professional soccer players between 2001 and 2019. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Between the 2001-2002 and 2018-2019 seasons, 120 European male soccer teams were followed prospectively for a varying number of seasons (558 team-seasons in total). Time-loss injuries and player-exposures to training sessions and matches were recorded on an individual basis in 6754 unique players. Injury incidence was reported as the number of injuries per 1000 player-hours, and between-group differences were analyzed using Z statistics and rate ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs. Between-group differences in layoff time were analyzed. Results: In total, 25,462 injuries were recorded, with 238 (0.9%) of these affecting the hand (71.4%; n = 170), wrist (16.8%; n = 40), and forearm (11.8%; n = 28), producing an incidence of 0.065 injuries per 1000 hours. A majority of the injuries were traumatic with an acute onset (98.7%; n = 235). Fractures were the most common injuries recorded (58.8%; n = 140), often involving the metacarpal bones (25.2%; n = 60) and phalanges (10.1%; n = 24). The injury incidence was significantly higher for goalkeepers (115 injuries; 0.265 per 1000 hours) compared with outfield players (123 injuries; 0.038 per 1000 hours) (RR, 7.0 [95% CI, 5.4-9.0]). Goalkeepers also had a significantly longer mean layoff time than outfield players (23 ± 27 vs 15 ± 27 days; P = .016). Conclusion: Injuries to the hand, wrist, and forearm constituted less than 1% of all time-loss injuries in male professional soccer players. Fractures were most common and constituted more than half of all injuries. Goalkeepers had a 7-fold higher incidence and an over 1-week longer mean layoff time compared with outfield players.

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“…High-performance sport is one of the national priorities whose successful implementation requires the establishment of athlete training and support systems [1][2][3][4][5]. A medical screening system is mainly focused on the identification and management of conditions, while substantially less attention is paid to the study of the capacity of the athlete's body to adapt to extreme loads [1][2][3][4][5]. Conventionally, the adaptation includes all the types of congenital and acquired adaptive activities implemented at cellular, systemic, and organismic levels [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Metabolism and Physical Properties of the Blood in Athletes

Мартусевич

KARUZIN²

2020

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objectives: Monitoring of metabolic status in athletes includes a wide range of different parameters, but not all of them have been fully studied. Thus, the presence of oxidative stress is noted in athletes, but its features are revealed only in fragments. The crystallogenic properties of blood in athletes have not been previously studied. Methods: The study enrolled a total of 262 athletes (19–29 years old) that are highly qualified in cyclic sports. Furthermore, screening data of apparently healthy non-exercising volunteers of the same age (n=35) were used for control. Blood serum of the athletes and non-exercising volunteers was analyzed for 8-isoprostane level, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, activity of superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and reductase. We also studied the level α- and β-carotenes, α- and γ-tocopherols, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Crystallogenic properties of blood serum were tested with own method. Results: The complex study demonstrated the presence of shifts in oxidative metabolism and blood serum physical and chemical properties induced by professional sports and manifested both in the status of blood pro- and antioxidative systems and in shifts of biofluids crystallogenic activity. At the same time, the obtained data confirmed the development of oxidative stress in qualified athletes. Conclusion: Our data shown that there are some shifts of oxidative metabolism and crystallogenic properties of blood plasma in professional athletes.

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Shoulder and elbow injuries in soccer goalkeepers versus field players in the National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2009–2010 through 2013–2014

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Elbow Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: A 5-Season Epidemiological Study

Elbow Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: A 5-Season Epidemiological Study

Hand, Wrist, and Forearm Injuries in Male Professional Soccer Players: A Prospective Cohort Study of 558 Team-Seasons From 2001-2002 to 2018-2019

Oxidative Metabolism and Physical Properties of the Blood in Athletes

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