Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in the Skeletally Immature Athlete

Chen, Frank S.; Diaz, Veronica A.; Loebenberg, Mark; Rosen, Jeffrey

doi:10.5435/00124635-200505000-00004

Cited by 115 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Due to repetitive microtears widening of the physis occurs, shown on conventional radiographs; other findings include demineralization, sclerosis, fragmentation of the lateral aspect of the proximal metaphysis and cystic changes [8]. Sometimes additional radiographs of the contralateral side are necessary.…”

Section: Osseous and Growth Cartilage Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport injuries in the paediatric and adolescent patient: a growing problem

et al. 2009

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With an increasing number of paediatric and adolescent athletes presenting with injuries due to overuse, a greater demand is put on clinicians and radiologists to assess the specific type of injury. Repetitive forces applied to the immature skeleton cause a different type of injury than those seen in adults due to the differences in vulnerability of the musculoskeletal system, especially at the site of the growth cartilage. Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors all play a role in the development of overuse injuries. MRI plays a key role in imaging overuse injuries due to its high potential for depicting cartilaginous and softtissue structures. Sport-specific biomechanics are described, since this knowledge is essential for adequate MRI assessment. An overview of several sport-related injuries is presented, based on anatomical location.

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Section: Osseous and Growth Cartilage Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport injuries in the paediatric and adolescent patient: a growing problem

et al. 2009

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“…6 Short-term effects of shoulder injuries include pain and reduction in athletic participation, whereas long-term effects can result in lifelong shoulder pain, instability, and osteoarthritis. 7 Previous epidemiologic surveys of shoulder injuries in athletes have focused on their occurrence in specific sports, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] the mechanics of shoulder injuries in repetitive throwing sports, [18][19][20][21] risk factors of specific body part injuries (including shoulder) in specific sports, 5,[22][23][24][25] and diagnosis of particular types of shoulder injuries. 6,[26][27][28] One previous study investigated all shoulder injuries among high school athletes during 2 academic years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoulder Injuries Among US High School Athletes, 2005/2006–2011/2012

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Shoulder injuries are common among high school athletes. These injuries, both traumatic and overuse, contribute to significant time loss from athletic activity. Understanding sport-specific injury patterns is critical for development of targeted injury prevention programs. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study is the most comprehensive analysis of high school shoulder injuries to date, providing national injury estimates while examining injury rates, diagnoses, severity, and mechanisms of injury in 9 interscholastic sports. abstract OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe shoulder injuries in a nationally representative sample of high school athletes playing 9 sports. A national estimate of shoulder injuries among high school athletes was subsequently calculated.METHODS: Injury data were collected in 9 sports (boys' football, soccer, basketball, wrestling, and baseball; girls ' soccer, volleyball, basketball, and softball) high school athletes in this study sustained 2798 shoulder injuries during 13 002 321 athlete exposures, for an injury rate of 2.15 per 10 000 athlete exposures. This corresponds to a nationally estimated 820 691 injuries during this time period. Rates of injury were higher in competition as compared with practice (rate ratio = 3.17 [95% confidence interval: 2.94-3.41]). The highest rate of injury was in football (4.86) and the lowest in girls' soccer (0.42). The most common types of injury were strain/sprain (37.9%) and dislocation/separation (29.2%). Boys were more likely than girls to sustain their injuries after contact with another person or with the playing surface. Surgical repair was required for 7.9% of the injuries. Time loss from athletic participation varied among sports, with 40.7% of athletes returning within 1 week, whereas 8.2% were medically disqualified for their season/career. CONCLUSIONS:High school shoulder injury rates and patterns varied by sport and gender. Prospective epidemiologic surveillance is warranted to discern trends and patterns to develop evidence-based interventions to prevent shoulder injuries. Pediatrics 2014;133:272-279

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“…7 Up to 40% of all shoulder dislocations occur in players younger than 22 years, and there is reported to be up to a 90% chance of these patients developing recurrent instability. 8,9 A player who has dislocated the glenohumeral joint has a higher risk of having a bony Bankart lesion when compared to those who only sublux. Over half of traumatic dislocations occur in contact athletes.…”

Section: The Presentation Of Shoulder Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recurrent instability ranges from 25 to 90% in young athletes and has been recorded to be as high as 100% in players with open physes. 8,13 The surgical goal is to correct underlying pathology and eliminate symptoms while preserving the player's range of motion. An 89e93% success with primary stabilization in contact athletes has been reported.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%