Shoulder impingement in front-crawl swimming: I. a method to identify impingement

Abstract

The analysis permitted the identification of the instances at which the shoulders were experiencing impingement during the front-crawl swimming. In this study, the measurement of the boundary was based entirely upon the mechanism of impingement described in the literature. Further studies are needed to confirm the occurrence of impingement by means of advanced visualization techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonogram.

Prevalencia del dolor de hombro en nadadores de competición: estudio piloto / Shoulder Pain Prevalence in Competitive Swimmers: A Pilot Study

“…En este sentido, en nadadores con dolor de hombro y signos clínicos de síndrome subacromial, se han documentado variaciones del reclutamiento muscular y de la técnica de nado 22,23 , lo que podría implicar posiciones potencialmente lesivas 10,11 .…”

“…Estas condiciones de entrenamiento conllevan una importante fatiga muscular, debido al poco tiempo de recuperación del que se dispone 3,5,7 . Por otro lado, durante el estilo crol, que es el que más tiempo se practica durante un entrenamiento 1,8,9 , el estilo mariposa y el estilo espalda se han descrito posiciones de la articulación glenohumeral compatibles con un impingement subacromial 10,11 .…”

“…Desde entonces, este término ha sido utilizado de manera generalizada como sinónimo de síndrome subacromial 4,10,[12][13][14][15] ; aunque en realidad, el término engloba un conjunto de afecciones articulares y periarticulares que llegan a provocar dolor en el hombro de un nadador y cuya etiología todavía no está clara 1,7,10,16 .…”

Sports Participation and Humeral Torsion

“…3,25,46 Having more dominantarm humeral retrotorsion has previously been shown to be associated with a lower incidence of throwing-arm injury 30 and reported as performance enhancing for throwing athletes, 44 but humeral torsion has not been investigated in swimmers. While humeral torsion influences shoulder rotational range of motion, 6,8,28,34,40 it is not routinely measured in these athletes, possibly because measurement of humeral torsion is thought to be complex, require expensive equipment, and involve exposure to the ionizing radiation H umeral torsion is the bony twist about the long axis of the humerus.…”

“…2,7,46 In the same manner that throwers who require greater external rotational range of motion, and thus display greater humeral retrotorsion, it might be expected that it would be advantageous for swimmers to possess a greater amount of humeral antetorsion. Given the reportedly symmetric nature of swimming, there was expected to be little in the way of side-to-side difference in amount of humeral torsion in this group.…”