“…In the literature, there are numerous suggestions that shoulder load leads to shoulder problems [ 2 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], but there is only scattered evidence of such a relationship. Several cross-sectional studies have described the associations of single components of shoulder load (e.g., rate of rise of exerted force, direction of exerted force, propulsion pattern) with either pain or pathology [ 24 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”