Shoulder Range of Motion Measurements and Baseball Elbow Injuries: Ambiguity in Scientific Models, Approach, and Execution is Hurting Overhead Athlete Health

SYNOPSIS: Researchers often assign a label (such as a risk factor or predictor) to a characteristic that is statistically associated with an outcome (such as future injury). Labeling signifies that the characteristic has an established clinical value. More often than not, these labels are assigned prematurely and haphazardly. The rampant practice conflates research goals, the ultimate clinical value of the findings, and many risk factors/predictors that may not warrant the label. To address these issues and improve injury prevention research, we (1) outline the problem; (2) clarify the key differences between the research goals of description, causation, and prediction/prognosis (along with labeling conventions); (3) differentiate the clinical implications for each label; and (4) frame an appropriate scientific process to follow before applying a label. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(7):381–387. Epub: 26 April 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11773

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Shoulder Range of Motion Measurements and Baseball Elbow Injuries: Ambiguity in Scientific Models, Approach, and Execution is Hurting Overhead Athlete Health

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

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