Shrimp Exports, Environment and Human Well-being in the Sunderbans, West Bengal

Chopra, Kanchan; Kumar, Pushpam; Kapuria, Preeti

doi:10.4337/9781849805193.00012

Cited by 2 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In addition to the jobs discussed above, processing plants employ 17,000 workers, of whom most of them are women. Other job opportunities are created in the phase of packaging, transport, exporting, whole selling and retailing (Chopra et al 2010).…”

Section: Results Fish Trade Liberalization and Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies cover the Sundarbans region, which includes major portions of the districts of North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas (N24P and S24P). This is a rapidly growing region for shrimp cultivation, of which exports rise at a rate of about 4 percent annually from 1991 to 2003 (Chopra et al, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 01 shows the list of the reviewed literatures with respective time periods. Citation of Country Specific Studies Bangladesh Alauddin and Hamid, 1999;Khatun, 2004;Ahmed, 2007 India Saha andPal, 2008;Chopra et al, 2010Vietnam Clough et al, 2002Khang, 2008;Thong et al, 2010 While selecting literature for this study, the authors came across few limitations. For example, the reviewed literature do not confront to almost the same time period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2012, India and Vietnam ranked seventh and ninth position respectively in production of marine capture fisheries and Bangladesh was in top 18 countries in the production of marine capture fisheries (FAO, 2014). facilities, insurance and savings schemes were helpful in this regard (Chopra et al, 2010;Thong et al, 2010). This process was further intensified by international donor agencies and transnational companies by the name of meeting food demand of the developed countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result a dramatic change has become visible in land use pattern, which incorporates conversion of agricultural land into shrimp pond at an unprecedented rate. In Vietnam, 272,000 hectares of land has been brought about for shrimp aquaculture from 2000 to 2004 in Ca Mau province; in India 42,006 acre in the Sundarbans at present (Chopra et al 2010;Thong et al, 2010), and it was 410,000 hectares in 1996-97 up from 20,000 hectares in 1979-80 for Bangladesh (Barakat, 2004). In Vietnam, land under rice production reduced to 257000 hectares in 2008 (Lan, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trade Liberalization and Socio-Economic Vulnerability: A Cross Country Analysis on the Shrimp Sector

2022

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This study attempts to capture the impact of trade liberalization on the shrimp sector of three countries, namely Bangladesh, India and Vietnam. By analyzing the country specific studies from these three countries, the study found that trade liberalization in the shrimp sector of these countries increases export earnings and creates gainful employment opportunity, especially for women. In spite of these positive impacts, the study finds that shrimp sector has been expanded at the cost of agricultural land, which increases household’s vulnerability through replacement of subsistence farming by commercial aquaculture and reduced livelihood options. Increasing income gap reduces the ability of the poor to fight against risk and consumption volatility. By analyzing the comparable elements among three countries, this study reaches to the conclusion that structural shift from crop farming to shrimp farming in the respective areas affect the determinants of poverty, which can be explained for defining the status of vulnerability of the households. This study is important in case of providing a comparable base line for assessing the impact of trade liberalization of the respective countries. This might be an important insight to the policy makers while assessing the impact on the shrimp sector at the household level.

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Section: Results Fish Trade Liberalization and Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trade Liberalization and Socio-Economic Vulnerability: A Cross Country Analysis on the Shrimp Sector

2022

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A Hierarchical Framework for Unpacking the Nitrogen Challenge

Xin

Zhong

et al. 2022

Earth's Future

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To feed the world population while mitigating pressing nitrogen (N) pollution problems, tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing and implementing N‐efficient technologies in crop or livestock production, but limited progress has been made. The N management improvement on a farm does not necessarily translate to N pollution reduction on a broader scale due to complex responses of natural and human systems and lack of coordination among stakeholders. Consequently, it is imperative to develop an N management framework that encompasses the complex N dynamics across systems and spatial scales, yet simple enough to guide policies and actions of various stakeholders. Here, we propose a new framework, CAFE, that defines four N management systems (Cropping, Animal‐crop, Food, and Ecosystem) in a hierarchical manner, and apply it to 13 representative countries to partition N surpluses across systems in a simple and consistent manner, thereby facilitating the identification and prioritization of systems‐based intervention strategies. Surprisingly, the Cropping system contributes less than half of the total N surplus within its Ecosystem for most countries, highlighting the importance of N management beyond croplands. This framework reveals that the relevant priorities and key stakeholders for enhanced N management vary among countries, such as improving the Cropping‐system efficiencies in China, adjusting the animal‐crop portfolio in the Netherlands, reducing food wastage in the U.S., and lowering crop storage losses and increasing overall production capacities in African countries. As N surplus increases along the CAFE hierarchy, systems‐based intervention strategies are revealed: (a) coupling chemical fertilizers with other N sources by maintaining half of the N from manure and biological N fixation; (b) coupling animal‐crop production by reducing animal density to lower than 1.2 livestock units per hectare, and increasing self‐sufficiency of animal feed to above 50%; (c) coupling food trade with domestic demand and production; and (d) coupling population needs for economic opportunities with environmental capacity of the region. This novel framework can help unpack the “wicked” N management challenges across systems to provide new insights and tools for improving N management on and beyond farms.

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Shrimp Exports, Environment and Human Well-being in the Sunderbans, West Bengal

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Trade Liberalization and Socio-Economic Vulnerability: A Cross Country Analysis on the Shrimp Sector

Trade Liberalization and Socio-Economic Vulnerability: A Cross Country Analysis on the Shrimp Sector

A Hierarchical Framework for Unpacking the Nitrogen Challenge

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