Shrimp Farmers in India: Empowering Small-Scale Farmers through a Cluster-Based Approach

Umesh, N. R.; Mohan, Anjana; Ravibabu, G.; Padiyar, P.A.; Phillips, Michael J.; Mohan, C. V.; Bhat, B. Vishnu

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3087-0_3

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Commons literature is poorly developed with regard to aquaculture; exceptions include studies of Vietnamese shrimp aquaculture (Armitage et al 2011;Huong and Berkes 2011;Marschke et al 2012) and collective management in Indian small-scale shrimp aquaculture (Umesh et al 2010). Given that many resources in Sri Lanka are managed by commons institutions, our results are perhaps not surprising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Obviously, there are success stories of aquaculture as well. In some cases, small-scale fishers have transitioned from capture fisheries to higher-value aquaculture production (De Silva and Davy 2010) or small farmers have been brought together into associations to foster collective action (Umesh et al 2010). However, even in such cases, the development of aquaculture can create social inequities in the community; some groups are able to adopt aquaculture technology more readily than others because of differences in resource access rights or social/cultural reasons (Huong and Berkes 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drama of the commons in small-scale shrimp aquaculture in northwestern, Sri Lanka

Galappaththi

Berkes²

2015

Int J Commons

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Aquaculture, and shrimp aquaculture in particular, can have major social and environmental impacts. However, aquaculture remains an understudied area in commons research. Can aspects of commons theory be applied to solve problems of aquaculture? We examined three coastal community-based shrimp aquaculture operations in northwestern Sri Lanka using a case study approach. These shrimp farms were individually owned by small producers and managed under local-level rules designed by cooperatives (samithi). The common-pool resource of major interest was water for aquaculture ponds, obtained from an interconnected water body. We evaluated the shrimp farming social-ecological system by using Ostrom's design principles for collective action. Key elements of the system were: clearly defined boundaries; collaboratively designed crop calendar, bottom-up approach involving community associations, multi-level governance, and farmers-and-government collaborative structures. Together, these elements resolved the excludability and subtractability problems of commons by establishing boundary and membership rules and collective choice rules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drama of the commons in small-scale shrimp aquaculture in northwestern, Sri Lanka

Galappaththi

Berkes²

2015

Int J Commons

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“…A considerable group of literature highlights the positive role of shrimp aquaculture with particular attention paid to its economic benefits (Kongkeo and Davy, 2010). Umesh et al (2010) studied the small-scale shrimp farmers of Andhra Pradesh on the east coast of India, who adopted a cluster-based approach to achieving better returns from shrimp farming. Here, cluster-based approach refers to a group of farmers whose ponds are situated within a specified geographical locality and all ponds are relying on the same water source.…”

Section: Commonisation and Decommonisation: The Two Faces Of Shrimp Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Two faces of shrimp aquaculture: commonising vs. decommonising effects of a wicked driver

Galappaththi

Nayak

2017

Maritime Studies

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Much coastal fisheries literature supports the idea that shrimp aquaculture has the potential to cause considerable social and environmental destruction. The aim of the paper is to highlight the two faces of shrimp aquaculture as a wicked driver, emphasizing its potential role in activating systematic conversion of lagoon -based fisheries commons to non-commons and vice versa. We use the cases of aquacultureled privatisation in Chilika Lagoon, located in the Bay of Bengal area of India, and collective action surrounding shrimp aquaculture in Northwestern Sri Lanka. For both studies, data are collected through mixed research methods, including semi-directive interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observations. Our analysis shows clear evidence that shrimp aquaculture can potentially contribute to either making commons or losing commons depending on the context and influences of multi-level drivers. Aquaculture-led factors contributing to the process of losing commons in Chilika are: large-scale, individually owned aquaculture operations; encroachment of customary fishery commons; loss of commons rights (access and entitlements); breakdown of commons institutions; policy changes; caste politics and resource conflicts; ecological disturbances; change in fishing practices. In Sri Lanka, aquaculture related factors contributing to making commons are: coordinating discharge; built-in incentive for stewardship; multi-level commons institutions; collective decision-making; bottom-up management approach; mixed commons regime; and small-scale operations.

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“…Developing nations accounts for 80 % of world aquaculture production (FAO 2012a) and a high proportion of farms in many developing countries can be considered small scale (Umesh et al 2010), for instance 80 % of Asian fish farmers (FAO 2006) (see Fig. 4).…”

Section: Small Scale Versus Large Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-certification of Farmed Seafood: Will it Make a Difference?

Jonell

Phillips

Rönnbäck

et al. 2013

AMBIO

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Eco-certification is widely considered a tool for reducing environmental impacts of aquaculture, but what are the likely environmental outcomes for the world's fastest growing animal-food production sector? This article analyzes a number of eco-certification schemes based on species choice, anticipated share of the global seafood market, size of eligible producers, and targeted environmental impacts. The potential of eco-certification to reduce the negative environmental impacts of aquaculture at scale presently appears uncertain as: (a) certification schemes currently focus on species predominantly consumed in the EU and US, with limited coverage of Asian markets; (b) the share of certified products in the market as currently projected is too low; (c) there is an inequitable and nonuniform applicability of certification across the sector; (d) mechanisms or incentives for improvement among the worst performers are lacking; and (e) there is incomplete coverage of environmental impacts, with biophysical sustainability and ecosystem perspectives generally lacking.

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Shrimp Farmers in India: Empowering Small-Scale Farmers through a Cluster-Based Approach

Cited by 39 publications

References 1 publication

Drama of the commons in small-scale shrimp aquaculture in northwestern, Sri Lanka

Drama of the commons in small-scale shrimp aquaculture in northwestern, Sri Lanka

Two faces of shrimp aquaculture: commonising vs. decommonising effects of a wicked driver

Eco-certification of Farmed Seafood: Will it Make a Difference?

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