Shrimp peptide hydrolysate modulates the immune response in cyclophosphamide immunosuppressed mice model

Abstract

Bioactive peptides are naturally found in various foods and were shown to have various distinct physiological as well as medicinal benefits. In this study shrimp peptide hydrolysate (SPH) was prepared to investigate its immunomodulatory effect against cyclophosphamide (CTX) induced immunosuppressed mice. The SPH effect was also analyzed on murine macrophage (RAW264.7 cells). The findings show that SPH stimulates macrophages to form multiple pseudopodia, has no cytotoxic effect, and increases phagocytic activity in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the immunosuppressed in-vivo model illustrates the improvement in various aspects, that is body weight, escalation in immune organ index, and ameliorates histopathological transformation of thymus along with the spleen. SPH enhances cell-mediated immunity by facilitating splenocyte proliferation and inhibit excessive apoptosis. Moreover, the significant outcome had been observed with the upregulation of cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-ϒ), interleukin-2 (IL-2) level and simultaneously downregulate certain genes include interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Additionally, SPH expedites cellular immunity by enhancing the regulation of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). However, these findings support the hypothesis that SPH is an effective immunomodulatory agent capable of preventing immune system hypofunction. It is necessary to investigate the detailed mechanism to rule out any unforeseen effects of SPH in future research. Practical applicationsChemotherapy medications, despite their dominating detrimental effects of damaging immunological organs such as the spleen and thymus, extend the treatment process as well as the destruction of the self-immune system. This study found that SPH is an effective immunomodulatory agent capable of avoiding immune organ hypofunction and improving cell mediate immunity by enhancing macrophage activation, phagocytosis, spleenocyte proliferation, suppressing apoptosis, and elevating cytokines and antibodies. As a result, SPH can be utilized as a nutritional and functional dietary supplement to boost immunological modulation in combination with chemotherapy medications in order to lessen their adverse effects.

Effects of Huangqi Gancao Decoction on intestinal immunity and microbiota in immunocompromised mice models

“…Cyclophosphamide (Cy), a widely used broad-spectrum anti-tumor drug, exhibits potent cytotoxic effects, particularly inhibiting rapidly proliferating tissues like bone marrow and lymphoid tissue, thereby reducing the body’s immunity ( Yu et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2019 ; Khan et al, 2022 ). Researchers frequently employ Cy to create immunocompromised models.…”

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ZTHY2 Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice

“…CTX is also commonly used as a cancer treatment in companion animals [27][28][29][30], and the administration of CTX often leads to adverse effects in treated companion animals such as lethargy, moderate alopecia, vomiting, anorexia, anemia, and hematuria [31][32][33]. In addition, CTX is routinely used to induce immunosuppression in animal models associated with bone-marrow suppression, atrophy of the spleen and thymus, an imbalance of blood cells, and suppression of cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgA, IgG, and IgM [34][35][36][37]. CTX has also been shown to suppress antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).…”