Shyness, Self-Confidence, and Social Interaction

Shyness, Social Anxiety, and Social Phobia

“…Conversations between the shy are dominated by talk about the immediate physical/social setting, rather than themselves, and leave it ambiguous as to who is to speak next (Manning & Ray, 1993). The exception is for "favored" topics that are discussed extensively.…”

The Role of Confidence in Lifelong Learning

“…It has also been characterised as an emotion, for example, in the context of nursing, it has been referred to by Barsevick & Johnson (1990) as a "positive emotional response" (p.1), in relation to social interaction it has been defined by Manning & Ray (1993) as "calmness and assertiveness during social interaction" (p.180), and Folkman & Lazarus (1985) categorised "confident" as a "challenge emotion" (p.154). Manning & Ray (1993) have also viewed confidence as being the opposite of shyness and as situational. Some writers have referred to selfefficacy as confidence (Wanberg, Watt & Rumsey, 1996) whereas, Bandura who was the originator of the term "self-efficacy" wrote in 1997, that confidence and selfefficacy are not the same.…”

Shyness and online social networking services

“…First, shyness related positively to reports that Facebook helped people get to know others better. Information gained via Facebook might be especially important to shy people, as they likely know less about peers because of avoiding or withdrawing from social situations (e.g., Alden & Phillips, 1990;Hill, 1989), and, thus, worry about having adequate conversation topics (Manning & Ray, 1993). Second, shy individuals are more likely to report that, because of Facebook, they feel closer to peers.…”

“…Third, these services provide resources that may help shy people feel greater comfort with their social skills. For example, shy individuals frequently report difficulty with finding a discussion topic (Manning & Ray, 1993). However, individuals' social networking profiles typically contain considerable personal information, making it easier for shy people to find conversation topics.…”