Si lattice parameter measurement by centimeter X-ray interferometry

Ferroglio, Luca; Mana, Giovanni; Massa, Enrico

doi:10.1364/oe.16.016877

Cited by 49 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…4 has been corrected for the errors listed in Table 1, but the bars indicate only the standard deviation of the averages. A detailed discussion of the correction and uncertainty contributions is presented by Ferroglio et al (2008); a short summary is now given.…”

Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of a silicon crystal for absolute nuclear spectroscopy

et al. 2010

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To tie the wavelengths of γ‐rays to a visible standard is a key element of accurate determinations of the Planck constant and of tests of the Einstein mass–energy equivalence. This link is achieved via small diffraction angle measurements and perfect single crystals, the lattice parameter of which is determined by combined X‐ray and optical interferometry. The present paper concerns the lattice parameter measurement of an Si crystal, of a natural isotopic composition, designed to be used both as the analyser crystal of an X‐ray interferometer and the reference grating of a γ‐ray spectrometer.

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Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of a silicon crystal for absolute nuclear spectroscopy

et al. 2010

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“…Natural silicon consists of three stable isotopes, 28 Si, 29 Si, and 30 Si, whose approximate isotopic abundances are 92 %, 5 %, and 3 %, respectively. In equations (6) and 7, the mean molar mass obtained from the measurements of the composition of each isotope in the crystal should be used.…”

Section: -1 28 Si-enriched Crystalmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Definitions of the Kilogram and the Mole: Paradigm Shift to the Definitions Based on Physical Constants

Kuramoto

2020

ANAL. SCI.

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The kilogram is the unit of mass and was defined in 1889 by the international prototype of the kilogram. The mole is the unit of amount of substance and was defined in 1960 by the number of atoms in 0.012 kg of 12 C. These definitions were revised in May 2019. The new definitions of the kilogram and the mole are based on the Planck constant h and the Avogadro constant NA, respectively. The values of h and NA used in the new definitions were determined by summarizing measurement results of the two physical constants by several national metrology institutes around the world. In this review, the history of the two units and measurement technologies used to derive the new definitions are described. The effect of the revision on the development of new measurement technologies is also introduced.

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“…Figure 7 shows how the measurement uncertainty reduced in time. Since the Deslattes' measurement in 1973, the quality of the interferometers improved (from natural Si [27] to hyper-pure Si [35] and enriched 28 Si [40]), the interferometer size and displacement increased (from a few micrometres [27] to 5 cm [33,41]), the degrees of freedom electronically controlled extended (from one [27] to six [42]), differential wavefront sensing supplemented both X-ray and optical interferometry [43], and systematic effects were sought and investigated [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Measurement of the Silicon Lattice Parameter and the Count of Atoms to Realise the Kilogram

Massa

Sasso

Mana

2020

MAPAN

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X-ray interferometry established a link between atomic and macroscopic realisations of the metre. The possibility of measuring the silicon lattice parameter in terms of optical wavelengths opened the way to count atoms, to determine the Avogadro constant with unprecedented accuracy, and, nowadays, to realise the kilogram from the Planck constant. Also, it is a powerful tool in phase-contrast imaging by X-rays and, combined with optical interferometry, in linear and angular metrology with capabilities at the atomic scale. This review tells the history of the development of this fascinating technology at the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica in the last forty years. Eventually, it highlights its contribution to the redefinition of the International System of Units (SI).

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Si lattice parameter measurement by centimeter X-ray interferometry

Cited by 49 publications

References 14 publications

Calibration of a silicon crystal for absolute nuclear spectroscopy

Calibration of a silicon crystal for absolute nuclear spectroscopy

New Definitions of the Kilogram and the Mole: Paradigm Shift to the Definitions Based on Physical Constants

The Measurement of the Silicon Lattice Parameter and the Count of Atoms to Realise the Kilogram

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