In this paper, Si/carbon nanotubes@melamine-formaldehyde resin (MFR)based carbon (Si/CNTs@C) composites have been fabricated by surface modification, electrostatic self-assembly, cross-linking of MFR under hydrothermal treatment and further carbonization. The microstructure of the Si/CNTs@C composites was characterized, and the effects of CNTs content in Si/CNTs@C composites on their electrochemical performances were also investigated in detail. The results indicate Si/CNTs@C composites as anode materials of Liion batteries exhibit better high-rate and cycling performances compared to Si and Si@MFR-based carbon composites. Notably, Si/CNTs@C composites with 10.4 wt% CNTs show specific capacities of 1900, 1879, 1,688, 1,394, 1,189 mAhÁg −1 at 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 AÁg −1 , respectively. Even at 4 and 5 AÁg −1 , their capacities still reach 970 and 752 mAhÁg −1 , respectively. Moreover, they deliver a reversible capacity of 1,184 mAhÁg −1 at 0.5 AÁg −1 after 100 cycles. Therefore, the reasonable structure is of great significance for enhancing the electrochemical performances of Si-based composites.