Sialidase and N-acetylneuraminate catabolism in nutrition of Mycoplasma alligatoris

Michaels, Dina L.; Moneypenny, Craig G.; Shama, Suzanne M.; Leibowitz, Jeffrey; May, Meghan; Glass, John I.; Brown, Daniel R.

doi:10.1099/mic.0.000739

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(see next section) and a smaller branch featuring transporters encoded within nan clusters of Mycoplasma spp. [13, 64].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A well-studied gut bacterium that is known to rapidly consume host-derived sialic acid is Bacteroides fragilis [29,30,64]. As mentioned in Introduction, the transporter from this bacterium is a known MFS transporter and was perhaps understandably called NanT, as the canonical E. coli NanT (ST1) is also an MFS transporter.…”

Section: St4 (Nanz) Mfs Transporters Are Distinct From St1 (Nant/x) P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple evolutionary origins reflect the importance of sialic acid transporters in the colonization potential of bacterial pathogens and commensals

et al. 2021

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Located at the tip of cell surface glycoconjugates, sialic acids are at the forefront of host–microbe interactions and, being easily liberated by sialidase enzymes, are used as metabolites by numerous bacteria, particularly by pathogens and commensals living on or near diverse mucosal surfaces. These bacteria rely on specific transporters for the acquisition of host-derived sialic acids. Here, we present the first comprehensive genomic and phylogenetic analysis of bacterial sialic acid transporters, leading to the identification of multiple new families and subfamilies. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that sialic acid-specific transport has evolved independently at least eight times during the evolution of bacteria, from within four of the major families/superfamilies of bacterial transporters, and we propose a robust classification scheme to bring together a myriad of different nomenclatures that exist to date. The new transporters discovered occur in diverse bacteria, including Spirochaetes , Bacteroidetes , Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia , many of which are species that have not been previously recognized to have sialometabolic capacities. Two subfamilies of transporters stand out in being fused to the sialic acid mutarotase enzyme, NanM, and these transporter fusions are enriched in bacteria present in gut microbial communities. Our analysis supports the increasing experimental evidence that competition for host-derived sialic acid is a key phenotype for successful colonization of complex mucosal microbiomes, such that a strong evolutionary selection has occurred for the emergence of sialic acid specificity within existing transporter architectures.

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“…(see next section) and a smaller branch featuring transporters encoded within nan clusters of Mycoplasma spp. [13, 64].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: St4 (Nanz) Mfs Transporters Are Distinct From St1 (Nant/x) P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple evolutionary origins reflect the importance of sialic acid transporters in the colonization potential of bacterial pathogens and commensals

et al. 2021

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“…(see next section) and a smaller branch featuring transporters encoded within nan clusters of Mycoplasma spp. [13, 59].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple evolutionary origins reflect the importance of sialic acid transporters in the colonisation potential of bacterial pathogens and commensals

Severi

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Bell

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Located at the tip of cell surface glycoconjugates, sialic acids are at the forefront of host-microbe interactions and, being easily liberated by sialidase enzymes, are used as metabolites by numerous bacteria, particularly by pathogens and commensals living on or near diverse mucosal surfaces. These bacteria rely on specific transporters for the acquisition of host-derived sialic acids. Here, we present the first comprehensive genomic and phylogenetic analysis of bacterial sialic acid transporters, leading to the identification of multiple new families and subfamilies. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that sialic acid-specific transport has evolved independently at least 8 times during the evolution of bacteria, from within 4 of the major families/superfamilies of bacterial transporters, and we propose a robust classification scheme to bring together a myriad of different nomenclatures that exist to date. The new transporters discovered occur in diverse bacteria including Spirochaetes, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia, many of which are species that have not been previously recognised to have sialometabolic capacities. Two subfamilies of transporters stand out in being fused to the sialic acid mutarotase enzyme, NanM, and these transporter fusions are enriched in bacteria present in gut microbial communities. We also provide evidence for a possible function of a sialic acid transporter component in chemotaxis that is independent of transport. Our analysis supports the increasing experimental evidence that competition for host-derived sialic acid is a key phenotype for successful colonisation of complex mucosal microbiomes, such that a strong evolutionary selection has occurred for the emergence of sialic acid specificity within existing transporter architectures.

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“…The sialidase NanI is important in Clostridium perfringens intestinal colonization [42] and supports survival in the presence of mucin [43], with NanI showing preference for glycan structures terminating in Neu5Ac [44]. Sialidases also allow the use of Neu5Ac as carbon sources in multiple Mycoplasma species [45, 46], potentiating colonization and persistence.…”

Section: A Quick Trim Isn’t Good For the Host: Sialidases Enhance Bac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How bacteria utilize sialic acid during interactions with the host: snip, snatch, dispatch, match and attach

2022

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N -glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and its precursor N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), commonly referred to as sialic acids, are two of the most common glycans found in mammals. Humans carry a mutation in the enzyme that converts Neu5Ac into Neu5Gc, and as such, expression of Neu5Ac can be thought of as a ‘human specific’ trait. Bacteria can utilize sialic acids as a carbon and energy source and have evolved multiple ways to take up sialic acids. In order to generate free sialic acid, many bacteria produce sialidases that cleave sialic acid residues from complex glycan structures. In addition, sialidases allow escape from innate immune mechanisms, and can synergize with other virulence factors such as toxins. Human-adapted pathogens have evolved a preference for Neu5Ac, with many bacterial adhesins, and major classes of toxin, specifically recognizing Neu5Ac containing glycans as receptors. The preference of human-adapted pathogens for Neu5Ac also occurs during biosynthesis of surface structures such as lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS), lipo-polysaccharide (LPS) and polysaccharide capsules, subverting the human host immune system by mimicking the host. This review aims to provide an update on the advances made in understanding the role of sialic acid in bacteria-host interactions made in the last 5–10 years, and put these findings into context by highlighting key historical discoveries. We provide a particular focus on ‘molecular mimicry’ and incorporation of sialic acid onto the bacterial outer-surface, and the role of sialic acid as a receptor for bacterial adhesins and toxins.

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Sialidase and N-acetylneuraminate catabolism in nutrition of Mycoplasma alligatoris

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Multiple evolutionary origins reflect the importance of sialic acid transporters in the colonization potential of bacterial pathogens and commensals

Multiple evolutionary origins reflect the importance of sialic acid transporters in the colonization potential of bacterial pathogens and commensals

Multiple evolutionary origins reflect the importance of sialic acid transporters in the colonisation potential of bacterial pathogens and commensals

How bacteria utilize sialic acid during interactions with the host: snip, snatch, dispatch, match and attach

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