Sialolithiasis: mechanism of calculi formation and etiologic factors

Gráses, F.; Santiago, Cristina Nunes; Simonet, B.M.; Costa-Bauzà, Antònia

doi:10.1016/s0009-8981(03)00227-4

Cited by 125 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We propose that reabsorption of Ca 2ϩ by salivary ducts is of potential importance for protection of salivary gland function. An uncontrolled increase in the [Ca 2ϩ ] in ductal saliva could contribute to the formation of salivary calculi (8,45). Relatively higher concentration of [Ca 2ϩ ] could be causative in the formation of calcium deposits that consists of mainly calcium phosphate (8,(45)(46)(47)(48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary saliva secreted from the acinar cell contains a high concentration of Ca 2ϩ (5), which falls steadily as saliva travels down the ductal system (6). Although the mechanism involved in the decrease in salivary [Ca 2ϩ ] in ducts is not known, maintenance of the [Ca 2ϩ ] within a critical range is essential (7) because high [Ca 2ϩ ] in saliva can lead to salivary gland stone formation (sialolithiasis) which obstructs the duct (8). This often results in bacterial infections as well, creating a condition referred to as sialoadenitis.…”

Section: Camentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extracellular Ca2+ Sensing in Salivary Ductal Cells

Bandyopadhyay

Swaim

Sarkar

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Ca2+ Sensing in Salivary Ductal Cells

Bandyopadhyay

Swaim

Sarkar

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, re-absorption of Ca 2ϩ from the primary saliva can also regulate the [Ca 2ϩ ] of saliva that is critical for maintaining oral health. Re-absorption of Ca 2ϩ can also have an impact on pathological conditions such as sialoliths that are formed when salivary [Ca 2ϩ ] is increased (40). Most interestingly, it has been suggested that Ca 2ϩ is reabsorbed from the lumen of pancreatic ducts and that failure of this mechanism could lead to formation of pancreatic stones or pancreatitis (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apical Localization of a Functional TRPC3/TRPC6-Ca2+-Signaling Complex in Polarized Epithelial Cells

Bandyopadhyay

Swaim

Liu

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Statherins prevent crystallization of supersaturated calcium phosphate in ductal saliva and oral fluid. Phytate and magnesium are also potent inhibitors of apatite crystallization, by chelating the released ionized calcium [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Large Sialolith Perforating the Wharton’s Duct: Review of Literature and a Case Report

Parkar

Vora

Bhanushali

2011

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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Sialolithiasis accounts for the most common cause of diseases of salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or the Wharton's duct. This article discusses review of literature, predisposing factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods and various modalities available for the management of sialolithiasis. This case report presents a case of sialolith of a large size in the left Wharton's duct, which was explored and removed via an intra-oral approach.Keywords Sialolithiasis Á Wharton's duct Á Transoral sialolithotomy Sialolithiasis, also called salivary calculi or stones, is the occurrence of calcareous concretions in the salivary ducts or glands [1]. Sialolithiasis accounts for more than 50% of the diseases of major salivary glands, and is the most common cause of acute and chronic infections of the salivary glands [2]. Review of LiteratureSialolithiasis usually occurs from the third to fifth decade of life, and slightly more often in males (4:3) [3-5], and is rare in children [4, 5]. The reported incidence of sialolithiasis is 80-94% in submandibular duct or gland, 5-18% in parotid gland, and 2% or less in sublingual gland [4].The most common site is submandibular gland and Wharton's duct, probably, as a consequence of mucinous saliva, a tortuous duct, gravity, and the small orifice of the duct [6]. Simultaneous sialolithiasis in more than one salivary gland is rare [2]. Sialolithiasis occurs in the sublingual and minor salivary glands and ducts in the decreasing order of frequency [1]. The right and left glands and ducts are equally affected [3,4], although bilateral occurrence is rare [4]. However, multiple sialoliths in the same duct or gland are common [4]. Submandibular gland sialoliths have been reported to be radiopaque in 80-94.7% of cases [4,7,8].Although the exact cause of sialolithiasis remains unclear, some sialoliths may be related to dehydration, which increases the viscosity of the saliva; reduced food intake, which decreases the demand for saliva [9]; or certain medications that lower the production of saliva, such as anti-histaminics, anti-hypertensives and anti-psychotics, and antidepressants [9,10]. The lack of saliva can also be caused by several circumstances, including aging, Sjogren's syndrome, and radiotherapy of the head and neck region [10].The predisposing factors are: alkaline pH of saliva, increased calcium concentration in the saliva of submandibular gland, and the tortuous course of the duct [4]. Some other factors inherent to the submandibular gland are: longer and larger caliber of the duct, flow against gravity, slower flow rates and higher mucin content of the saliva [11]. The formation of sialolith is not related to any systemic derangement in calcium or phosphate metabolism [12].A study conducted by Sheman and McGurk [13] indicated no link between water hardness and sialolithiasis or sialadenitis, suggesting that high calcium intake might not lead to sialolithiasis. Patients with gout and patients on diuretic therapy may be predi...

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Sialolithiasis: mechanism of calculi formation and etiologic factors

Cited by 125 publications

References 12 publications

Extracellular Ca2+ Sensing in Salivary Ductal Cells

Extracellular Ca2+ Sensing in Salivary Ductal Cells

Apical Localization of a Functional TRPC3/TRPC6-Ca2+-Signaling Complex in Polarized Epithelial Cells

A Large Sialolith Perforating the Wharton’s Duct: Review of Literature and a Case Report

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