“…This does not correspond to the latest reconstructions of the LGM vegetation in Siberia (e.g. Kuzmin 2008;Kuzmin and Keates 2018) where the existence of trees is noted.…”
“…This does not correspond to the latest reconstructions of the LGM vegetation in Siberia (e.g. Kuzmin 2008;Kuzmin and Keates 2018) where the existence of trees is noted.…”
“…There is growing evidence that humans were well adapted to the cold and dry conditions of Siberia during the LGM (e.g. Kuzmin 2008; Kuzmin and Keates 2016). Recently, new data on the LGM presence of Paleolithic people were published by Pitulko et al (2015), with several sites in the extreme northern part of eastern Siberia (~70°N) around the pre-LGM Yana RHS site and on the neighboring Yana-Indigirka interfluve (Figure 1), with 14 C dates of ~21,300–22,700 BP.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This site is also significant in terms of the issue of human presence in Siberia at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), a topic that has been hotly debated for the last 10–15 yr (e.g. Hoffecker 2005; Kuzmin and Keates 2005, 2013, 2016; Kuzmin 2008; Pitulko et al 2015). This paper presents new information on the chronology and faunal remains from this site, and discusses its implication for the broader area of northern Eurasia. Figure 1 Position of the Khayrgas Cave and Yana RHS site in eastern Siberia…”
The Khayrgas Cave in Yakutia (eastern Siberia) is one of the most important Upper Paleolithic sites in northern Asia, and has been the subject of extensive 14C dating and study of mammal bones. The upper part of the cave sequence (Layers 2–4) dates to the Holocene (~4100–8200 BP), and the lower part (Layers 5–7) to the Late Pleistocene (~13,100–21,500 BP). In Layers 2–4, only extant animal species are known; ecologically they belong to a forest-type ecosystem. In Layers 5–7, several extinct species were identified, and the environment at that time corresponded to open and semi-open ecosystems. The Khayrgas Cave provides rare but reliable evidence of human occupation in the deep continental region of eastern Siberia at the Last Glacial Maximum, ~20,700–21,500 BP.
“…The Lake Hill climatic inferences are also consistent with evidence for the relatively cold, dry and windier conditions on mainland Alaska at this time [ 60 – 63 ] and a period when Beringian horse ( Equus lambei ) is evident in interior Alaska ( figure 2 ), taking advantage of an expansion in dryland, grazing habitats at this time [ 64 ]. Although archaeological sites in Siberia persist south of 58°N [ 65 ], evidence indicates that humans had not been migrating into the BLB region at the time of sustained cold and increasingly dry environmental conditions during the LGM and early deglaciation.…”
Palaeoenvironmental records from the now-submerged Bering Land Bridge (BLB) covering the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present are needed to document changing environments and connections with the dispersal of humans into North America. Moreover, terrestrially based records of environmental changes are needed in close proximity to the re-establishment of circulation between Pacific and Atlantic Oceans following the end of the last glaciation to test palaeo-climate models for the high latitudes. We present the first terrestrial temperature and hydrologic reconstructions from the LGM to the present from the BLB's south-central margin. We find that the timing of the earliest unequivocal human dispersals into Alaska, based on archaeological evidence, corresponds with a shift to warmer/wetter conditions on the BLB between 14 700 and 13 500 years ago associated with the early Bølling/Allerød interstadial (BA). These environmental changes could have provided the impetus for eastward human dispersal at that time, from Western or central Beringia after a protracted human population standstill. Our data indicate substantial climate-induced environmental changes on the BLB since the LGM, which would potentially have had significant influences on megafaunal and human biogeography in the region.
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