Siblings, Day-Care Attendance, and the Risk of Asthma and Wheezing during Childhood

Ball, Thomas M.; Castro-Rodriguez, José A.; Griffith, Kent A.; Holberg, Catharine J.; Martínez, Fernando D.; Wright, Anne L.

doi:10.1056/nejm200008243430803

Cited by 841 publications

(587 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These findings were independent of season of home sampling, the baby's age at the time of the visit, gender, the mother's age, insurance type and several risk factors for infant wheeze including: day care attendance (Ball et al, 2000;Stark et al, 2003), endotoxin levels (Park et al, 2001), maternal smoking during pregnancy (Gold et al, 1999;Lannero et al, 2006) and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Strachan and Cook, 1997;Stein et al, 1999). Although ''high'' levels of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Acrodontium demonstrated positive associations with wheeze in unadjusted analyses (each P value was r0.05), the odds ratios decreased following the addition of season of visit and other covariables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…These observations could represent exposure to relatively high indoor fungal levels at a young age or exposure to respiratory syncytial virus or rhinovirus at an age when small airway size can be a factor in the development of wheeze during viral infection (Heymann et al, 2004;Sears and Johnston, 2007). Nonetheless, ''high levels'' of Penicillium remained a significant predictor of wheeze even after accounting for the effects of season of mold collection, the age of the baby at the sample collection date and day care attendance, a surrogate measure of respiratory infection during infancy and early childhood (Ball et al, 2000;Stark et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Indoor airborne fungi and wheeze in the first year of life among a cohort of infants at risk for asthma

Rosenbaum

Crawford

Anagnost

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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In studies worldwide, respiratory outcomes such as cough, wheeze and asthma have been consistently linked to mold exposure. Young children spend most of their time indoors and may be particularly vulnerable. We evaluated the associations between exposure to airborne fungal levels and episodes of wheezing in a cohort of 103 infants at risk for asthma (due to maternal history of asthma), living primarily in low-income urban settings. Using a new protocol that facilitates identification of rare and slow-growing fungi, we measured the type and concentration of cultured fungi in home air samples taken early in the infant's first year of life. We also inspected the homes for visible mold, water damage and other housing and environmental conditions. All homes had measurable indoor airborne fungi and 73%, had some sign of mold, water damage, dampness or a musty odor. One or more episodes of wheeze during the first year of life were observed in 38% of infants. Multiple logistic regression showed high indoor levels of Penicillium were a significant risk factor for wheeze (OR 6.18; 95% CI: 1.34-28.46) in the first year of life after controlling for season of sampling, smoking, endotoxin levels, day care attendance and confounders. Acrodontium, a rarely reported fungal genus, was detected in 18% of study homes, and was associated with wheeze in unadjusted models (OR 2.75; 95% CI 0.99-7.61), but not after adjustment for confounders. Total fungal levels, visually observed mold, dampness, water damage or musty odors were not significantly associated with wheeze.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Indoor airborne fungi and wheeze in the first year of life among a cohort of infants at risk for asthma

Rosenbaum

Crawford

Anagnost

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Analogously to increased family size, early attendance to day care is considered to reduce the risk for atopic conditions, largely as a result of increased exposure to infections (41,42). A recent review (43), however, showed that the results from the eight studies included in the analysis were highly discrepant, and any conclusions whether there is an (inverse) relationship between day care attendance and asthma and atopy could not be drawn.…”

Section: Family Size and Early Attendance To Day Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma and atopy – the price of affluence?

Hertzen

Haahtela²

2004

Allergy

122

110

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Irrespective of improved knowledge of many aspects of atopic diseases, the unfavorable trends in their prevalence particularly among children could not have been reversed. A growing body of evidence suggests that something may lack from our societal affluence that has the capacity to provide protection against the development of atopic diseases. Much attention during the last years has been devoted to the hygiene hypothesis. This review outlines the impact of environment and lifestyle, particularly from the perspective of the East–West gradient, on the development of atopic diseases, with a special emphasis on the hygiene hypothesis in its broadest sense.

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“…8 At the univariate level, the stronger risk with having a single bedroom at age 11 than age 8 is similar to a recent report that the age at contact with other children predicts childhood wheezing and asthma. 30 The association of HD risk with having a single bedroom at age 11 in a small childhood household suggests a potent effect of a sequence of socially isolating circumstances throughout childhood. Reasons for the differences in risk patterns between nonwhites and whites are proposed below.…”

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confidence: 99%

Social class and risk of Hodgkin's disease in young‐adult women in 1988–94

Glaser

Clarke

Nugent

et al. 2001

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Hodgkin's disease (HD) risk in young adults has been associated with higher childhood social class. Although recent decades have witnessed increases in both young-adult HD incidence rates and the socioeconomic affluence reported to influence risk, social class risk factors have not been reexamined. For 204 cases and 254 controls aged 19 -44 years from a population-based case-control study of HD diagnosed in 1988 -94 in San Francisco area females, we evaluated social class predictors of HD overall and for subgroups defined by age and by ethnicity. HD was associated weakly with a few childhood social class markers but more strongly with combinations of these variables. Risk was higher for women with family-owned than rented childhood homes; for US-born women with single vs. shared bedrooms at age 11; and for women with 2؉ births who were from smaller than larger childhood households. These patterns differed by age, with risk appearing to increase over the young-adult years for some factors and to decrease for others. In whites, risk was additionally associated with having a single childhood bedroom in larger households, and with tall adult height in women from smaller childhood households. In nonwhites, risk was higher for single bedrooms at age 11 in smaller childhood households, taller height and higher maternal education. Most study findings support the hypothesis that HD development in young adults follows protection from early exposure to other children. Variation in risk by age suggests differing etiologies across young adulthood, or the importance of birth cohort-appropriate social-class measures. Negative findings for previously reported risk factors may reflect their insufficient heterogeneity of exposure or their failure to measure cohort-relevant exposures in this population. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: Hodgkin's disease; social class; women; epidemiology; risk factorsIn the 1960s and 1970s, observations that social class indicators were associated with Hodgkin's disease (HD) provided support for MacMahon's hypothesis that infectious agents were involved in the etiology of this lymphoma in young adults. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In a Boston population in the mid 1970s, Gutensohn and Cole 8 found that HD risk in young adults was linked to small sibships, early birth order, single-family housing, few playmates and higher maternal education in childhood. Collectively, these childhood social class factors described diminished contact with children and thus suggested that HD etiology involves delay in exposure to common childhood infections until older childhood or adolescence, when such illnesses may be more virulent. This interpretation has been supported by the association of HD with a history of infectious mononucleosis (IM), a clinical manifestation of late-onset primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). 9 In the 20 years after the mid-1970s, the incidence of young-adult HD rose in the US, particularly in women. 10,11 Between 1975-79 and 1990 -94, 5-year average annual rates for white women a...

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Siblings, Day-Care Attendance, and the Risk of Asthma and Wheezing during Childhood

Abstract: Exposure of young children to older children at home or to other children at day care protects against the development of asthma and frequent wheezing later in childhood.

Cited by 841 publications

References 31 publications

Indoor airborne fungi and wheeze in the first year of life among a cohort of infants at risk for asthma

Indoor airborne fungi and wheeze in the first year of life among a cohort of infants at risk for asthma

Asthma and atopy – the price of affluence?

Social class and risk of Hodgkin's disease in young‐adult women in 1988–94

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