Sid2p, a Spindle Pole Body Kinase That Regulates the Onset of Cytokinesis

Sparks, Cynthia A.; Morphew, Mary K.; McCollum, Dannel

doi:10.1083/jcb.146.4.777

Cited by 189 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It should be noted that medial accumulation of the tER and Golgi compartments did decrease upon longer incubation at the restrictive temperature. This might be attributed to the fact that SIN functions in maintaining the actomyosin ring throughout anaphase and cytokinesis Sparks et al, 1999) and therefore is essential for ensuring the continuous localization of the secretory compartments to the site of septation. To confirm that the SIN pathway activity was not essential for the initial secretory machinery recruitment but was required for the maintenance of its polarization state, we performed the time-lapse imaging of sid2-250 mutant cells expressing GFP-tagged secretory pathway marker proteins and Uch2p-mCherry, growing either at the permissive temperature of 24°C or after a 1-h shift to the restrictive temperature of 36°C (Supplementary Figure 5).…”

Section: The Septation Initiation Network Is Required For Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sid2p is the downstream effector kinase of SIN signaling Sparks et al, 1999), and loss of its activity leads to septation failure. Using elutriation, we synchronized cells in the manner described above and observed the localization of Sec24p-GFP, Anp1p-GFP, and Sec72p-GFP in anaphase cells ( Figure 4, E, F, and G, respectively) also expressing the nuclear envelope marker, Uch2p-mCherry, at both 24 and 36°C.…”

Section: The Septation Initiation Network Is Required For Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Actomyosin Ring Recruits Early Secretory Compartments to the Division Site in Fission Yeast

Vještica

Tang

Oliferenko

2008

MBoC

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The ultimate goal of cytokinesis is to establish a membrane barrier between daughter cells. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe utilizes an actomyosin-based division ring that is thought to provide physical force for the plasma membrane invagination. Ring constriction occurs concomitantly with the assembly of a division septum that is eventually cleaved. Membrane trafficking events such as targeting of secretory vesicles to the division site require a functional actomyosin ring suggesting that it serves as a spatial landmark. However, the extent of polarization of the secretion apparatus to the division site is presently unknown. We performed a survey of dynamics of several fluorophore-tagged proteins that served as markers for various compartments of the secretory pathway. These included markers for the endoplasmic reticulum, the COPII sites, and the early and late Golgi. The secretion machinery exhibited a marked polarization to the division site. Specifically, we observed an enrichment of the transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER) accompanied by Golgi cisternae biogenesis. These processes required actomyosin ring assembly and the function of the EFC-domain protein Cdc15p. Cdc15p overexpression was sufficient to induce tER polarization in interphase. Thus, fission yeast polarizes its entire secretory machinery to the cell division site by utilizing molecular cues provided by the actomyosin ring. INTRODUCTIONCell division is the final event in the cell cycle that results in physical separation of two daughter cells. Despite being studied for more than a hundred years, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the cytological details of the process are still emerging. Various organisms and cell types have established multiple pathways to conduct cell division that are regulated at both signaling and structural levels (for review see Balasubramanian et al., 2004). In recent years, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has emerged as an attractive model for the study of cytokinesis because of its fully sequenced genome (Wood et al., 2002), a cell size convenient for cytological studies and the availability of a large set of conditional mutants compromised in various aspects of cell division (Chang et al., 1996;Balasubramanian et al., 1998).On entry into mitosis, S. pombe assembles an actomyosin ring that is thought to drive a binary cell fission through constriction, similar to many other eukaryotes, including nematodes, insects, and vertebrates (for review see Hales et al., 1999). During early mitosis, actin is assembled into a ring structure through the action of several actin nucleating and bundling proteins and molecular motors. These include the formin Cdc12p (Chang et al., 1997), profilin Cdc3p (Balasubramanian et al., 1992), the extended Fer/CIP4 (EFC) domain protein Cdc15p (Fankhauser et al., 1995), and the myosin heavy chain Myo2p (Kitayama et al., 1997) together with its light chains Cdc4p (McCollum et al., 1995;Naqvi et al., 1999) and Rlc1p (Le Goff et al., 2000). It has been proposed tha...

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Section: The Septation Initiation Network Is Required For Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Septation Initiation Network Is Required For Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Actomyosin Ring Recruits Early Secretory Compartments to the Division Site in Fission Yeast

Vještica

Tang

Oliferenko

2008

MBoC

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“…The recruitment of Myo2 to the CAR must be coordinated with the signal transduction pathway leading to septum formation, the septation initiation network. This includes a number of protein kinases, Plo1 (Okhura et al, 1995;Bahler et al, 1998a;Mulvihill et al, 1999), Cdc7 (Fankhauser and Simanis, 1994), Sid 1 (Guertin et al, 2000), and Sid 2 (Sparks et al, 1999), and their associated regulators (reviewed in Gould and Simanis, 1997;Le Goff et al, 1999;Balasubramanian et al, 2000). Any or all of the above are potential fission yeast myosin II heavy chain kinases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the heart of this signal transduction pathway are three protein kinases, Cdc7, Sid1, and Sid2 (Fankhauser and Simanis, 1994;Sparks et al, 1999;Guertin et al, 2000) and their activating GTPase Spg1 (Schmidt et al, 1997). The timing of Spg1 activation is determined by a two-component GTPase-activating protein consisting of Cdc16 and Byr4 (Furge et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of Fission Yeast Type II Myosin, Myo2, to the Cytokinetic Actin Ring Is Regulated by Phosphorylation of a C-Terminal Coiled-Coil Domain and Requires a Functional Septation Initiation Network

Mulvihill

Barretto

Hyams

2001

MBoC

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Myo2 truncations fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) defined a C-terminal domain essential for the localization of Myo2 to the cytokinetic actin ring (CAR). The localization domain contained two predicted phosphorylation sites. Mutation of serine 1518 to alanine (S1518A) abolished Myo2 localization, whereas Myo2 with a glutamic acid at this position (S1518E) localized to the CAR. GFP-Myo2 formed rings in the septation initiation kinase (SIN) mutant cdc7-24 at 25°C but not at 36°C. GFP-Myo2S1518E rings persisted at 36°C incdc7-24 but not in another SIN kinase mutant,sid2-250. To further examine the relationship between Myo2 and the SIN pathway, the chromosomal copy ofmyo2 + was fused to GFP (strainmyo2-gc). Myo2 ring formation was abolished in the double mutants myo2-gc cdc7.24 and myo2-gc sid2-250 at the restrictive temperature. In contrast, activation of the SIN pathway in the double mutant myo2-gc cdc16-116 resulted in the formation of Myo2 rings which subsequently collapsed at 36°C. We conclude that the SIN pathway that controls septation in fission yeast also regulates Myo2 ring formation and contraction. Cdc7 and Sid2 are involved in ring formation, in the case of Cdc7 by phosphorylation of a single serine residue in the Myo2 tail. Other kinases and/or phosphatases may control ring contraction.

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“…Notwithstanding the lack of dependencies in localization, the occurrence of cells with SIN phenotype in pdk1⌬ cultures suggests that Pdk1p might modulate SIN function positively. In particular, it is interesting to note that Sid2p is related to members of the AGC family of kinases (Sparks et al, 1999;Tamaskovic et al, 2003) which are known to be regulated by PDK1 family members (Belham et al, 1999). However, the finding that SIN proteins participate in correcting defects associated with the cell division apparatus (Le Goff et al, 1999;Liu et al, 1999;Mishra et al, 2004) might provide an alternate explanation to the observed synthetic lethality between pdk1⌬ and SIN mutants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Roles of Pdk1p, a Fission Yeast Protein Related to Phosphoinositide-dependent Protein Kinase, in the Regulation of Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Bimbó

Liu

Balasubramanian

2005

MBoC

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Proteins related to the phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase family have been identified in the majority of eukaryotes. Although much is known about upstream mechanisms that regulate the PDK1-family of kinases in metazoans, how these kinases regulate cell growth and division remains unclear. Here, we characterize a fission yeast protein related to members of this family, which we have termed Pdk1p. Pdk1p localizes to the spindle pole body and the actomyosin ring in early mitotic cells. Cells deleted for pdk1 display multiple defects in mitosis and cytokinesis, all of which are exacerbated when the function of fission yeast polo kinase, Plo1p, is partially compromised. We conclude that Pdk1p functions in concert with Plo1p to regulate multiple processes such as the establishment of a bipolar mitotic spindle, transition to anaphase, placement of the actomyosin ring and proper execution of cytokinesis. We also present evidence that the effects of Pdk1p on cytokinesis are likely mediated via the fission yeast anillin-related protein, Mid1p, and the septation initiation network. INTRODUCTIONThe segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and the physical division of cells during cytokinesis represent two irreversible events in the cell cycle. Not surprisingly, mitosis and cytokinesis are tightly regulated in the cell cycle in such a way that mitosis is initiated only upon completion of DNA synthesis and cytokinesis is executed only after completion of mitosis.The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been used extensively for the study of mitosis and cytokinesis, due to the structural and molecular conservation of these events in fission yeast and metazoans (Nurse 1990;Gould and Simanis, 1997;Feierbach and Chang, 2001). S. pombe has three chromosomes that condense during mitosis and are separated along an intranuclear mitotic spindle (Yanagida, 1998). After chromosome segregation, S. pombe cells divide through the use of an actomyosin-based contractile ring. Gene products important for mitotic entry, mitotic progression, and cytokinesis have been identified from a number of genetic screens, as well as from reverse genetic approaches (Nurse et al., 1976;Hirano et al., 1986;Chang et al., 1996;Balasubramanian et al., 1998). Central to the regulation of mitosis and cytokinesis are the S. pombe polo-related protein kinase Plo1p (Ohkura et al., 1995;Bähler et al., 1998;Mulvihill et al., 1999) and members of the septation initiation network (SIN), a signaling pathway comprised of three protein kinases (Cdc7p, Sid1p, and Sid2p) and a GTPase (Spg1p) Rajagopalan et al., 2003). Members of the polo-kinase family are conserved across all eukaryotes (Nigg, 1998). In addition, several components of the SIN are highly conserved, including an analogous signaling complex in the budding yeast referred to as the mitotic exit network (Bardin and Amon, 2001;McCollum and Gould, 2001;Simanis, 2003). The fission yeast Plo1p-kinase and SIN components localize to the spindle pole body and coordinate mitotic events with cytokinesis .To...

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Sid2p, a Spindle Pole Body Kinase That Regulates the Onset of Cytokinesis

Cited by 189 publications

References 49 publications

The Actomyosin Ring Recruits Early Secretory Compartments to the Division Site in Fission Yeast

The Actomyosin Ring Recruits Early Secretory Compartments to the Division Site in Fission Yeast

Localization of Fission Yeast Type II Myosin, Myo2, to the Cytokinetic Actin Ring Is Regulated by Phosphorylation of a C-Terminal Coiled-Coil Domain and Requires a Functional Septation Initiation Network

Roles of Pdk1p, a Fission Yeast Protein Related to Phosphoinositide-dependent Protein Kinase, in the Regulation of Mitosis and Cytokinesis

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