Side Effects of Alpha Interferon

Abstract

Alpha interferon is available worldwide as at least six dif-Alpha interferons have been used widely to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection. These include recombinant inter-ferent products made by as many pharmaceutical companies. It is approved for human use in the European Union and the ferons, purified natural leukocyte, and lymphoblastoid inter-ferons. Alpha interferon is administered by subcutaneous or United States for several medical conditions, including hairy cell leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, Kaposi's sar-intramuscular injection either daily or three times weekly for a period of 6 to as long as 24 months. A wide array of adverse coma, condylomata acuminata, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, basal cell effects of alpha interferon have been described. Several side effects such as fever, headache fatigue, arthralgias, and myal-carcinoma, chronic hepatitis B, and chronic hepatitis C. Both recombinant as well as lymphoblastoid and natural leukocyte gias are common, especially with the initial injections. These early side effects of interferon are predictable and are encoun-alpha interferons have been used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection. tered in the majority of patients. These may not require dose modification, but can be problematic for a significant propor-PHARMACOKINETIC DATA tion of patients. Other adverse events effects may require dose modification or even discontinuation of therapy in 2% to 10% Alpha interferon is usually administered by subcutaneous of patients. Neuropsychiatric side effects such as depression or intramuscular injection. Maximum serum levels occur 3 and irritability can be most troublesome; their mechanisms to 12 hours after injection, and serum levels are usually are not well understood. Granulocytes, platelets, and red below the limit of detection by 16 hours. 1 The elimination blood cell counts decrease during treatment, but the decreases half-life of interferon after both subcutaneous and intramus-are usually mild, although they can be dose limiting if cell cular injections is 2 to 3 hours, and clearance from the sys-counts are low initially. Interferon has important immuno-temic circulation is primarily by renal catabolism. After intra-modulatory properties, and treatment can induce autoimmune venous administration, serum levels of interferon are phenomena, the most frequent being autoimmune thyroiditis maximal at the end of the infusion, becoming undetectable with either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, especially within 4 hours of the infusion. The elimination half-life is in predisposed patients. Other autoimmune disease can be approximately 2 hours. Measurement of serum concentra-aggravated by interferon therapy. Severe and even life-threat-tions of different preparations of alpha interferon is problem-ening side effects of interferon occur in 0.1% to 1% of patients; atical because the levels achieved are low after injection of these include thyroid, visual, auditory, renal, and cardiac im-typical doses of 3 ...

Analysis of NS3-mediated processing of the hepatitis C virus non-structural region in vitro

“…However, the same studies have indicated that a large proportion (> 50%) of the patients who respond to interferon subsequently relapse into chronic disease when it is withdrawn (Davis et al, 1990b;Lindsay et al, 1990). Furthermore, interferon-~ therapy is also associated with significant side-effects (Renault & Hoofnagle, 1989). Consequently there is a great need for development of novel chemo-or immunotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of HCV-induced disease.…”

Increase in Serum Interleukin-6, Plasma ACTH and Serum Cortisol Levels After Systemic Interferon-.ALPHA.Administration.

“…Systemic administration of interferon-a increases body temperature, induces anorexia at the beginning of the treatment, and often suppresses hematopoiesis in the bone marrow [2,3]. From the endocrinological aspect, it is well known that various cytokines, released from invaded inflammatory cells such as macrophages, affect the regulation of neuroendocrine function following peripheral immune reaction.…”

Sarcoidosis after Interferon Therapy for Chronic Active Hepatitis C.

“…General fatigue is one of the most prominent adverse effects ofIFN therapy and is usually recognized as early as within 2 weeks of treatment (14). The present patient complained of general fatigue which occurred as late as 3 months after the initiation of IFN therapy and might have been due to A-Vblock and/or sarcoidosis itself.…”