Side Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Abuse

Bonetti, Antonio; Tirelli, F.; Catapano, Alberico L.; Dazzi, Davide; Dei, Alessandra; Solito, F; Ceda, Gian Paolo; Reverberi, Claudio; Monica, C; Pipitone, Salvatore; Elia, Gabriella; Spattini, M.; Magnati, G

doi:10.1055/s-2007-965808

Cited by 104 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Anabolic androgenic steroids induce these effects by dispersing the neuroendocrine function in females [7,18]. In the normal female body, a little testosterone is produced, and artificial materials increase the level of anabolic androgens in the blood which will affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and change the normal functions of the axis.…”

Section: V(ref): = a T A: = A(p)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that negative feedback is suppressed by high levels of circulating anabolic androgen, thereby reducing the dis- www.fhc.viamedica.pl charge of gonadotropin. As a result, an increase in the circulating androgens will inhibit the production and release of LH and FSH, leading to a decline in the serum levels of LH, FSH, estrogens, and progesterone [7,18]. This may result in the inhibition of follicle formation and ovulation.…”

Section: V(ref): = a T A: = A(p)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereological estimation of ovarian oocyte volume, surface area and number: application on mice treated with nandrolone decanoate

Karbalay‐Doust

Noorafshan

2012

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Changes in the number and size of oocytes can lead to fertilization problems. The present study aimed to evaluate the number, volume, and surface area of oocytes in healthy as well as nandrolone decanoate-treated (ND) mice using stereological methods. Five control mice received vehicle, and five ND-treated mice received ND. Using the 'isotropic Cavalieri' design', the ovary was sectioned. The volume of the ovary (cortex and medulla) was estimated. The oocytes' volume and surface area were estimated using the invariator. The number of the oocytes was estimated using an optical disector. The volumes of the ovary, cortex, and medulla decreased ~50% in the ND-treated mice. The mean number (coefficient of variation) of preantral, antral, and atretic oocytes in the control ovary were 1,690 (0.29), 2,100 (0.52), and 3,900 (0.2), respectively, which decreased ~54%, ~87%, and ~91%, respectively in the ND-treated animals. The mean volume (coefficient of variation) of the preantral, antral, and atretic oocytes were 86,000 (0.27), 110,000 (0.48), and 27,000 (0.33) mm 3 , respectively. The mean surface area (coefficient of variation) of the three types of oocytes were 9,000 (0.24), 9,900 (0.28), and 4,700 (0.21) mm 2 , respectively. These parameters remained unchanged in the ND-treated mice. ND induces reduction in the number of oocytes, but not in the volume or the surface area.

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Section: V(ref): = a T A: = A(p)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: V(ref): = a T A: = A(p)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereological estimation of ovarian oocyte volume, surface area and number: application on mice treated with nandrolone decanoate

Karbalay‐Doust

Noorafshan

2012

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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“…2 The endocrine effects of AAS abuse are well established and commonly include testicular atrophy, decreased fertility, and gynecomastia. 3 Additional adverse effects associated with AASs include changes in blood lipid levels (increase in LDL and decrease in HDL), 4 various forms of hepatotoxicity, 5 and neuropsychiatric disturbances. 6,7 We present the first series of patients who developed FSGS after long-term use of AASs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis after Anabolic Steroid Abuse

Herlitz¹,

Markowitz²,

Farris³

et al. 2010

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

163

111

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Anabolic steroid abuse adversely affects the endocrine system, blood lipids, and the liver, but renal injury has not been described. We identified an association of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and proteinuria in a cohort of 10 bodybuilders (six white and four Hispanic; mean body mass index 34.7) after long-term abuse of anabolic steroids. The clinical presentation included proteinuria (mean 10.1 g/d; range 1.3 to 26.3 g/d) and renal insufficiency (mean serum creatinine 3.0 mg/dl; range 1.3 to 7.8 mg/dl); three (30%) patients presented with nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy revealed FSGS in nine patients, four of whom also had glomerulomegaly, and glomerulomegaly alone in one patient. Three biopsies revealed collapsing lesions of FSGS, four had perihilar lesions, and seven showed Ն40% tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Among eight patients with mean follow-up of 2.2 yr, one progressed to ESRD, the other seven received renin-angiotensin system blockade, and one also received corticosteroids. All seven patients discontinued anabolic steroids, leading to weight loss, stabilization or improvement in serum creatinine, and a reduction in proteinuria. One patient resumed anabolic steroid abuse and suffered relapse of proteinuria and renal insufficiency. We hypothesize that secondary FSGS results from a combination of postadaptive glomerular changes driven by increased lean body mass and potential direct nephrotoxic effects of anabolic steroids. Because of the expected rise in serum creatinine as a result of increased muscle mass in bodybuilders, this complication is likely underrecognized. INDEX CASEThe index case (patient 1) is a 30-yr-old white male professional bodybuilder who had no significant medical history and presented to a local hospital with lower extremity edema. The patient was on no prescription medications, but as part of his bodybuilding regimen, he regularly consumed a highprotein diet (Ͼ550 g/d) and dietary supplements including 10 g/d creatine monohydrate, 1000 mg/d branched-chain amino acids, 10 g/d glutamine, and multivitamins. For more than a decade, he regularly used anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs), including injectable testosterone, methyl-1-testosterone (taken orally), growth hormone, and insulin to augment his bodybuilding. At the time of biopsy, his steroid regimen consisted of growth hormone 4 IU 5 d/wk and testosterone 500 mg intramuscularly twice weekly. In addition, he took 75 mg of ephedrine and 600 mg of caffeine before each workout session.Physical examination revealed a height of 71 inches (180 cm), a weight of 295 pounds (134 kg extremely muscular, highly toned physique (Figure 1). BP was 145/80 mmHg, and there was 2ϩ bilateral lower extremity edema. The patient was found to have a serum creatinine of 2.7 mg/dl, blood urea nitrogen of 24 mg/dl, serum albumin of 1.9 g/dl, total serum protein of 5.7 g/dl, serum cholesterol of 212 mg/dl, hematocrit of 45%, and white blood cell count of 10.3 ϫ 10 9 /L with a normal differential and platelet count of 254 ϫ...

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“…Particularmente, a redução dos níveis de FSH pode levar a diminuição da contagem, da mobilidade e alteração da morfologia dos espermatozoides (17) . Em relação ao LH, essa redução leva a alteração da sinalização para a síntese e posterior liberação de testosterona; possivelmente, essa é uma explicação para os baixos níveis de testosterona encontrados em usuários de esteroides anabolizantes, dependendo da classe de sustâncias utilizadas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação descritiva sobre o uso de esteroides anabolizantes e seu efeito sobre as variáveis bioquímicas e neuroendócrinas em indivíduos que praticam exercício resistido

Venâncio¹,

Nóbrega

Tufik

et al. 2010

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOO uso dos esteroides anabolizantes vem se tornando um problema de saúde pública ao longo dos últimos anos. No bojo do uso abusivo, muitos efeitos deletérios são observados, na sua totalidade por disfunções dos vários sistemas fisiológicos. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi o de avaliar o eixo hipófise-gonadal, a função hormonal, as transaminases hepáticas e o perfil de hemograma de 61 voluntários distribuídos em três grupos: 20 usuários de esteroides anabolizantes praticantes de exercício físico resistido, 21 praticantes de exercício resistido sem uso de esteroides anabolizantes e 20 sedentários. Foi observada elevação do nível de creatina quinase nos dois grupos de indivíduos que se exercitavam de maneira resistida, em relação ao grupo de sedentários (p < 0,001). Redução das gonadotrofinas LH e FSH do grupo de usuários de esteroides anabolizantes e elevação do nível de estradiol, em comparação ao grupo sedentário e treinado que não usa esteroides anabolizantes (p < 0,001). Ainda, foi observada redução da fração HDL do colesterol, em relação aos dois grupos estudados (p < 0,001). Desta maneira, o uso dos esteroides anabolizantes causa alterações bioquímicas que podem levar a instalação de efeitos colaterais.Palavras-chave: esteróides anabolizantes, exercício físico resistido, efeitos adversos. ABSTRACTThe use of anabolic asteroids has become a public health problem over the last years. Concerning their abusive use, many deleterious effects caused in their totality by dysfunction of the various physiological systems can be observed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the hypophyseal-gonadal axis, hormone function, hepatic transaminases and hemogram profile of 61 volunteers distributed in three groups: 20 anabolic steroid users, practitioners of resisted physical exercise; 21 practitioners of resisted physical exercise with no use of anabolic steroids and 20 sedentary subjects. Increase of the creatine kinase level was observed in the two exercised groups in comparison to the sedentary group (p < 0.001). Reduction of the LH and FSH gonadotrpins of the steroid users group and increase in the estradiol level were observed in comparison to the sedentary and with no steroid use groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, reduction of the HDL cholesterol fraction was observed in comparison to the two studied groups (p < 0.001). Thus, the use of anabolic steroids causes biochemical alterations which can lead to the installation of collateral effects.

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Side Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Abuse

Cited by 104 publications

References 40 publications

Stereological estimation of ovarian oocyte volume, surface area and number: application on mice treated with nandrolone decanoate

Stereological estimation of ovarian oocyte volume, surface area and number: application on mice treated with nandrolone decanoate

Development of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis after Anabolic Steroid Abuse

Avaliação descritiva sobre o uso de esteroides anabolizantes e seu efeito sobre as variáveis bioquímicas e neuroendócrinas em indivíduos que praticam exercício resistido

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