Side Effects of Cephalosporins

Norrby, S. Ragnar

doi:10.2165/00003495-198700342-00009

Cited by 114 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…[5] Anaphylaxis can happen in patients with immunoglobulin E-mediated allergy. [6,7] Anaphylaxis is an acute life threatening reaction. Antibiotic skin testing is not normally done in a patients without a history of allergy including food allergy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceftriaxone-Induced Fatal Anaphylaxis Shock at an Emergency Department: A Case Report

Imam¹,

Ibrahim²

2017

JPPCM

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Anaphylaxis in adults caused by medications such as antibiotics are quite common. To best of our knowledge, the case of anaphylaxis caused by ceftriaxone in our hospital and clinical practice is rare and especially among Saudi patients. A 31-years old Arab female patient was admitted to the emergency (ER) department due to influenza symptoms. Patient was suspected having pneumonia after examination. History indicated that she did not have penicillin allergy in the past, no history of any other concomitant medications, and no other comorbidities. Patient was febrile. At ER department, she was given ceftriaxone 1 g intravenous (IV) and within 15 min the patient started to complain from shortness of breath, bronchospasm and developed irregularity of the vital signs. Patient was suspected experiencing anaphylactic shock. Ceftriaxone was discontinued. Aggressive management started immediately; patient was given oxygen, IM adrenaline, IV hydrocortisone, IV bolus of normal saline, IV ringer lactate, IV pheniramine, and IV ranitidine. Tepid water sponging was provided to control the fever. After resuscitative treatment, patient was stabilized and the vital signs were good. The patient then was moved out to the medical ward. Health care professionals at the Emergency Department should be mindful of the anaphylaxis possibility with patient receiving antibiotics in the cephalosporin group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceftriaxone-Induced Fatal Anaphylaxis Shock at an Emergency Department: A Case Report

Imam¹,

Ibrahim²

2017

JPPCM

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“…Diarrhea may either be related to increased biliary excretion of cephalosporins, or to Clostridium difficile colitis. 3 Other adverse effects are listed in Table 1. In this report, we share our observation of possibly another adverse reaction, which is paralytic ileus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paralytic Ileus: A Possible Complication of Cefuroxime

Jawad

Bin-Nakhi

1999

Ann Saudi Med

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Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics which were first introduced in the 1960s. They are derived from cephalosporin C, which is a natural antimicrobial substance produced by the fungus Cephalosporium acremonium. The antimicrobial spectrum differs for first-, second-and third-generation cephalosporins, but in general activity increases with generation level. Cefuroxime (Zinacef, Glaxo Wellcome), a second-generation cephalosporin, is a commonly used drug in the pediatric population, mainly because of its wide range of antibacterial action and safety. Case 1The patient was a five-month-old boy, the product of a full-term pregnancy and normal vaginal delivery, with a birth weight of 3.2 kg. He required an incubator for three days because of tachypnea. From the age of 40 days, he had recurent episodes of wheezing, mainly precipitated by upper respiratory tract infections, and resolved with nebulized salbutamol for 3-5 days. At the age of five months, he was admitted with right middle lobe pneumonia and exacerbation of his asthma. His arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis on oxygen showed: pH 7.32, PCO 2 6.02 Kpa, PO 2 12.99 Kpa, and HCO 3 23.1 mmol/L. He was started on intravenous (IV) aminophylline, hydrocortisone 100 mg/kg, nebulized salbutamol, as well as IV cefuroxime and cloxacillin 100 mg/kg each. Bronchodilators were stopped on the fifth day, but on the eighth day of starting antibiotics, he suddenly developed gross abdominal distention, which resulted in increasing tachypnea. This was shortly followed by the passage of watery stools. Investigations showed serum potassium 4.0 mmol/L, sodium 137 mmol/L, and bicarbonate 12 mmol/L. A repeat ABG analysis on room air showed metabolic acidosis: pH 7.26, PCO 2 2.51 Kpa, PO 2 15.72 Kpa, HCO 3 8.2 mmol/L, and saturation 97.3%. Blood and stool cultures yielded no growth. The patient was kept nil by mouth (NPO) and all IV antibiotics were stopped. He showed marked improvement within 48 hours of stopping medications and was discharged home two days later.

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“…Severe allergic reactions are rare. Hematologic reactions to cephalosporins are rather rare; there have been documented cases of eosinophilia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia [61]. Sulfanilamides in whole and co-trimoxazole in particular may be considered a sort of "leaders" among antimicrobial drugs in terms of frequency and variety of the caused ADR, which are often life-threatening (severe skin syndromes, anaphylaxis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia etc.).…”

Section: Peculiarities Of Allergic Reactions To Abd Groups and Certaimentioning

confidence: 99%