Side-Effects of Public Health Policies Against Covid-19: The Story of an Over-Reaction

Lansiaux, Édouard; Tchagaspanian, Noé; Arnaud, Juliette; Durand, Pierre; Changizi, Mark A.; Forget, Joachim

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.696818

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In our study, the daily medical/surgical mask-wearing was more likely to show frequent sputum production and cough in comparison with rare/spontaneous mask-wearing. Several effects of mask-wearing have been discussed, such as physiological adverse effects in cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, including increased rebreathing of expelled carbon dioxide, significant increased respiratory rate, hyperventilation, increase in CO 2 in the blood, hypoxemia and hypercapnia [ 20 ]. Cotton cloth mask-wearing showed the highest rates in the triad of respiratory symptoms in our population-based sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some variations in COVID-19 history amongst healthcare professionals, unemployed or food services—comparing rates of infection of each mask type—could show that in specific services where viral transmission is high, mask type efficacy may not be efficiently monitored, or that social distancing and personalized protection strategies may play a more important role in preventing transmission. Public health strategies may have overreacted in this pandemic, and the medical motto “primum non nocere” (“first, do no harm”), a moral principle everyone should at least consider following, was evidently not observed during the pandemic [ 20 ]. Moreover, presymptomatic carriers may transmit the virus, but false positives are evident, and a current perspective doubted the realistic existence of asymptomatic patients in COVID-19 [ 3 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medical/Surgical, Cloth and FFP/(K)N95 Masks: Unmasking Preference, SARS-CoV-2 Transmissibility and Respiratory Side Effects

Mouliou

Pantazopoulos

Gourgoulianis

2022

JPM

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Background: Social distancing and mask-wearing were recommended and mandatory for people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A web-based questionnaire was disseminated through social media assessing mask type preference and COVID-19 history amongst tertiary sector services and the rates of the triad of respiratory symptoms in each mask type, along with other respiratory-related parameters. Results: Amongst 4107 participants, 63.4% of the responders, mainly women, preferred medical/surgical masks; 20.5%, mainly men, preferred cotton cloth masks; and 13.8% preferred FFP/(K)N95 masks. COVID-19 history was less common in FFP/(K)N95 compared to medical/surgical (9.2% vs. 15.6%, p < 0.001) or cloth masks (9.2% vs. 14.4%, p = 0.006). Compared to the control group (rare mask-wearing, nonsmokers and without lung conditions), those wearing one medical mask were more likely to report frequent sputum production (4.4% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.026) and frequent cough (4.4% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.013), and those wearing FFP/(K)N95 masks were more likely to report frequent cough (4.1% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.048). Compared to the control group, those preferring cotton cloth masks were more likely to report a frequent cough (7.3% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.0002), sputum production (6.3% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.003) and dyspnea (8% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.00001). Conclusions: Safe mask-wearing should be in parallel with a more personalized and social interaction approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical/Surgical, Cloth and FFP/(K)N95 Masks: Unmasking Preference, SARS-CoV-2 Transmissibility and Respiratory Side Effects

Mouliou

Pantazopoulos

Gourgoulianis

2022

JPM

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“…Many social science scholars have attempted to understand better the ramifications and dynamics of the coronavirus pandemic, a genuine historical event. These scholars have mainly focused on the side-effects of public health policies against COVID-19 (Lansiaux et al, 2021), the social policies put in place to help citizens during the pandemic (Hick & Murphy, 2021), how the COVID-19 outbreak affects welfare systems (Greve et al, 2021), the variations in state responses to COVID-19 (Maor & Howlett, 2020), the disproportionate response to COVID-19 (Maor et al, 2020), as well as the fear of COVID-19 among individuals worldwide from a psychological and mental health perspective (Ahorsu et al, 2020). However, what is missing is a finer understanding of how individual emotions quickly turned into collective fear and generated a cascading, isomorphic set of exaggerated responses in most countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Process of Policy Overreaction: The COVID-19 Lockdown Decisions

Hafsi

Baba

2022

Journal of Management Inquiry

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Policy overreaction is a common phenomenon, especially in complex and emergency situations where politicians are led to make decisions fast. In these emergency decisions, emotions run generally high and cognitive processes are often impaired. The conditions of policy overreaction are in place as emotions overwhelm decision makers’ rational processes. Drawing on the response patterns of three countries to the COVID-19 pandemic, we develop a process model of policy overreaction which describes the effects of negative emotions and institutional isomorphism on policy decision-making. Our model highlights four critical stages: negative emotions buildup, propagation of fear, isomorphic decision-making, and leading to an intractable crisis. This article shows precisely how the cascading effect of negative emotions, particularly fear, is contagious and spreads to generate crowd effects, which bend considerably policy makers’ ability to make rational decisions. Our theory provides a better understanding of the process by which policy overreaction takes place.

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“…3.5 The objection from overdemandingness holds that MWM are unjustified on the alleged ground that having to wear a mask in indoor settings where physical distancing is infeasible would impose overdemanding requirements on individuals 9 10. The objection proceeds as follows.…”

Section: Objections and Repliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last 3 years, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments and public health authorities across the world to make challenging decisions involving individuals’ health, wealth and freedoms 1 2. In this context, intense debates have taken place concerning the justifiability of mask wearing mandates (henceforth, MWM), that is, public health policies that require individuals to wear medical-grade face masks in indoor settings (eg, hospitals, public transport, supermarkets) where physical distancing is infeasible (3–7advocating MWM;8–12 opposing MWM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Please wear a mask: a systematic case for mask wearing mandates

Fumagalli

2023

J Med Ethics

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This paper combines considerations from ethics, medicine and public health policy to articulate and defend a systematic case for mask wearing mandates (MWM). The paper argues for two main claims of general interest in favour of MWM. First, MWM provide a more effective, just and fair way to tackle the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic than policy alternatives such as laissez-faire approaches, mask wearing recommendations and physical distancing measures. And second, the proffered objections against MWM may justify some exemptions for specific categories of individuals, but do not cast doubt on the justifiability of these mandates. Hence, unless some novel decisive objections are put forward against MWM, governments should adopt MWM.

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Side-Effects of Public Health Policies Against Covid-19: The Story of an Over-Reaction

Cited by 7 publications

References 66 publications

Medical/Surgical, Cloth and FFP/(K)N95 Masks: Unmasking Preference, SARS-CoV-2 Transmissibility and Respiratory Side Effects

Medical/Surgical, Cloth and FFP/(K)N95 Masks: Unmasking Preference, SARS-CoV-2 Transmissibility and Respiratory Side Effects

Exploring the Process of Policy Overreaction: The COVID-19 Lockdown Decisions

Please wear a mask: a systematic case for mask wearing mandates

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