Side Force Generation of Slender Hulls – Influencing Polynesian Canoe Performance

Boeck, Florin; Hochkirch, Karsten; Hansen, H R; Norris, Stuart; Flay, Richard G.J.

doi:10.3940/rina.hpyd.2012.17

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…With leeway, the canoe moves obliquely through the water; the fluid at the windward hull surface is accelerated inducing a low pressure area which lifts the canoe to windward. Our experiments with towing tank testing and computer fluid dynamics, CFD, show that V‐shaped canoe hulls generate more lift than U‐shaped ones (Boeck et al., 2012; Flay et al., 2019). The side force of the sail also generates a heeling (or overturning) moment that must be balanced by the righting moment from the buoyancy of the hull.…”

Section: East Polynesian Sailsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…computer fluid dynamics CFD (Boeck et al, 2012), and a towing tank (Flay et al, 2019). A VPP is calculated for the Anaweka waka and voyages are simulated in the wake of those by the experimental Polynesian replica canoe Hōkūle'a, between 1980and 2000(Finney, 1994.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper is a collaboration of yacht engineering and archaeology which focuses on material evidence including three surviving East Polynesian sails of eighteenth century type from New Zealand, Tahiti and Hawaii/Marquesas held by the British Museum (Hiquily et al., 2009). The paper develops a velocity prediction program (VPP), based on wind tunnel tests of sails and on tests of hull forms using computer fluid dynamics CFD (Boeck et al., 2012), and a towing tank (Flay et al., 2019). A VPP is calculated for the Anaweka waka and voyages are simulated in the wake of those by the experimental Polynesian replica canoe Hōkūle'a , between 1980 and 2000 (Finney, 1994, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FIGURE 6. Underwater profiles of three 12 m symmetrical canoe forms, U, V1 and V2, with internal keel angles of 180°, 100°and 70°tested by computational fluid dynamics, CFD(Boeck et al, 2012) and 1/10 th scale models were tested in a towing tank at Newcastle University(Flay et al, 2019). Adapted fromBoeck et al (2012) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sailing performance of ancient Polynesian canoes and the early settlement of East Polynesia

Irwin

Flay

Dudley

et al. 2022

Archaeology in Oceania

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Scholarly estimates and opinions of the sailing performance of ancient Pacific canoes vary widely. This paper measures performance by testing real sails in a wind tunnel and hulls in a towing tank. The sails were three East Polynesian Oceanic spritsails of late eighteenth century type, held by the British Museum, collected from New Zealand, Tahiti and Hawaii/Marquesas, which conform to the first historical records. Also tested was a hypothetical generic ancestral sail, and the Māori sail was tested in different ways to accommodate different views. Tests of hull form found that upwind sailing performance improved as underwater hull profile changed from U-shape to V-shape and some archaeological hulls can be assigned to this scale. Velocity prediction programs (VPPs) were calculated for a range of different canoes and simulated voyages by the fourteenth century AD archaeological canoe (waka) found at Anaweka, New Zealand retraced real voyages made by the experimental Polynesian replica canoe Hōkūle'a between 1980 and 2000, in the same recorded weather. Both canoes could average speeds of up to four knots and sail upwind at 75°to the true wind angle (TWA), as proposed by Lewis and Finney. The paper identifies a package of technological innovations involved in the settlement of East Polynesia following the "long pause" in Pacific settlement in West Polynesia. Two innovations previously suggested by linguistics were the Oceanic spritsail and the double canoe, and a third was the development of complex composite planked hulls and V-shaped underwater hull forms. East Polynesian canoes were capable of two-way voyaging and some migrations were planned, as in the case of New Zealand.

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Section: East Polynesian Sailsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sailing performance of ancient Polynesian canoes and the early settlement of East Polynesia

Irwin

Flay

Dudley

et al. 2022

Archaeology in Oceania

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“…To quantify the efficacy of later voyaging canoe designs, performance data from an outrigger canoe was used (Boeck et al, 2012). The cost function for this craft interpolates the performance from the polar performance diagram, seen in Figure 3a.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty in marine weather routing

Dickson

Farr

Sear

et al. 2019

Applied Ocean Research

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The Sailing Performance of Ancient Pacific Canoes

Irwin,

Flay,

Dudley

et al. 2024

The Oxford Handbook of Island and Coastal Archaeology

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The islands of the Pacific Ocean were settled in a series of remarkable episodes of maritime migration. This chapter investigates the navigational and technological innovations that allowed Lapita canoes to sail east across the prevailing winds through Island Melanesia 3000 years ago and, after a “long pause” of at least 1500 years in West Polynesia, for Polynesian canoes to sail upwind into central East Polynesia. Lapita sailors invented the navigational technique of latitude sailing to transition from coastal seafarers to ocean explorers. Their canoes were dugouts raised by planks and stabilized by outriggers with fore-and-aft sails, and their seascape was a narrow latitudinal band of tropical islands. In the second episode some East Polynesian voyaging canoes had sophisticated planked hulls with improved upwind performance and they used Oceanic spritsails, and their seascape spanned latitudes from the northern tropics to the sub-Antarctic. These conclusions are based on archaeology and yacht engineering tests of relevant sails in a wind tunnel and canoe hulls in a towing tank, and simulated voyages by a virtual canoe based on the earliest-known archaeological East Polynesian voyaging canoe found at Anaweka, New Zealand, closely match the real voyages of the experimental replica canoe Hokule’a throughout Polynesia.

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Side Force Generation of Slender Hulls – Influencing Polynesian Canoe Performance

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The sailing performance of ancient Polynesian canoes and the early settlement of East Polynesia

The sailing performance of ancient Polynesian canoes and the early settlement of East Polynesia

Uncertainty in marine weather routing

The Sailing Performance of Ancient Pacific Canoes

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