Side-Specificity of Olfactory Learning in the Honeybee: US Input Side

Sandoz, Jean‐Christophe; Hammer, Martin; Menzel, Randolf

doi:10.1101/lm.50502

Cited by 44 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Thus it might be that it is not the US duration but rather the US amount that is the cause for the altered onset of protein synthesis. Interestingly, honeybees already form an association between CS and US when only the antennae are stimulated with sucrose solution (Bitterman et al 1983;Sandoz et al 2002;Wright et al 2007). However, when bees are fed on water during the presentation of a US instead of sucrose solution, although the PER was elicited with sucrose solution, they respond with a lower probability to the conditioned odor at the eLTM retention test suggesting that a postingestive feedback about the quality or quantity of the US might influence eLTM strength (Wright et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of the unconditioned stimulus in appetitive conditioning of honeybees differentially impacts learning, long-term memory strength, and the underlying protein synthesis

et al. 2014

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This study examines the role of stimulus duration in learning and memory formation of honeybees (Apis mellifera). In classical appetitive conditioning honeybees learn the association between an initially neutral, conditioned stimulus (CS) and the occurrence of a meaningful stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus (US). Thereby the CS becomes a predictor for the US eliciting a conditioned response (CR). Here we study the role of US duration in classical conditioning by examining honeybees conditioned with different US durations. We quantify the CR during acquisition, memory retention, and extinction of the early long-term memory (eLTM), and examine the molecular mechanisms of eLTM by interfering with protein synthesis. We find that the US duration affects neither the probability nor the strength of the CR during acquisition, eLTM retention, and extinction 24 h after conditioning. However, we find that the resistance to extinction 24 h after conditioning is susceptible to protein synthesis inhibition depending on the US duration. We conclude that the US duration does not affect the predictability of the US but modulates the protein synthesis underlying the eLTM's strength. Thus, the US duration differentially impacts learning, eLTM strength, and its underlying protein synthesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of the unconditioned stimulus in appetitive conditioning of honeybees differentially impacts learning, long-term memory strength, and the underlying protein synthesis

et al. 2014

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“…If the bee experiences the odor shortly before her antennae are stimulated with sucrose solution, and if the bee is subsequently allowed to drink from the sucrose solution, she learns to extend her proboscis in response to the odor (Kuwabara, 1957;Bitterman et al, 1983;Sandoz et al, 1995;Wright et al, 2007). Honey bees even learn to associate an odor when the sucrose solution is only applied to their antennae (Sandoz et al, 2002). Similarly, bees can be trained to show proboscis extension in response to a tactile structure presented to their antennae (Scheiner et al, 1999;Scheiner et al, 2001a;Scheiner et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Octopamine improves learning in newly emerged bees but not in old foragers

Behrends

Scheiner

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYHoney bees (Apis mellifera) are well known for their excellent learning abilities. Although most age groups learn quickly to associate an odor with a sucrose reward, newly emerged bees and old foragers often perform poorly. For a long time, the reason for the poor learning performance of these age groups was unclear. We show that reduced sensitivity for sucrose is the cause for poor associative learning in newly emerged bees but not in old foragers. By increasing the sensitivity for sucrose through octopamine, we selectively improved the learning performance of insensitive newly emerged bees. Interestingly, the learning performance of foragers experiencing the same treatment remained low, despite the observed increase in sensitivity for the reward. We thus demonstrate that increasing sensitivity for the reward can improve the associative learning performance of bees when they are young but not when they had foraged for a long time. Importantly, octopamine can have very different effects on bees, depending on their initial sensory sensitivity. These differential effects of octopamine have important consequences for interpreting the action of biogenic amines on insect behavior.

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“…Thus, 1 h and 18 h after the injection of inhibitors, and 8 h after the injection of siRNA, each bee was tested for its individual GRS. Both antennae were touched with a droplet of water followed by a concentration series of 1%, 1.6%, 2.5%, 4%, 6.3%, 10%, 16%, 25% and 40% sucrose water solution (adapted from Scheiner et al, 2001) with a 10 min inter-stimulus interval to exclude sensitization effects (Menzel, 1990;Sandoz et al, 2002). A PER was scored if a bee fully extended its proboscis after the antenna was touched with one of the liquids.…”

Section: Gustatory Responsiveness Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

CaMKII knockdown affects both early and late phases of olfactory long-term memory in the honeybee

Scholl

Kübert

Muenz

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Honeybees are able to solve complex learning tasks and memorize learned information for long time periods. The molecular mechanisms mediating long-term memory (LTM) in the honeybee Apis mellifera are, to a large part, still unknown. We approached this question by investigating the potential function of the calcium/calmodulindependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), an enzyme known as a 'molecular memory switch' in vertebrates. CaMKII is able to switch to a calcium-independent constitutively active state, providing a mechanism for a molecular memory and has further been shown to play an essential role in structural synaptic plasticity. Using a combination of knockdown by RNA interference and pharmacological manipulation, we disrupted the function of CaMKII during olfactory learning and memory formation. We found that learning, memory acquisition and mid-term memory were not affected, but all manipulations consistently resulted in an impaired LTM. Both early LTM (24 h after learning) and late LTM (72 h after learning) were significantly disrupted, indicating the necessity of CaMKII in two successive stages of LTM formation in the honeybee.

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Side-Specificity of Olfactory Learning in the Honeybee: US Input Side

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Duration of the unconditioned stimulus in appetitive conditioning of honeybees differentially impacts learning, long-term memory strength, and the underlying protein synthesis

Duration of the unconditioned stimulus in appetitive conditioning of honeybees differentially impacts learning, long-term memory strength, and the underlying protein synthesis

Octopamine improves learning in newly emerged bees but not in old foragers

CaMKII knockdown affects both early and late phases of olfactory long-term memory in the honeybee

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