Siderophore production by <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>

Evanylo, Lisa P.; Kadis, Solomon; Maudsley, James R.

doi:10.1139/m84-163

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A smaller analog, a-hydroxyisovaleric acid, has been isolated earlier as a siderophore of P. mirabilis in low-iron medium (4). However, we found that the chain length is different, yielding a-hydroxyisocaproic acid as the predominant a-hydroxy acid; this may be due to differences in low-iron media and the corresponding changes of metabolic pathways for amino acid biosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Although a-hydroxyisovaleric acid had been identified earlier as a siderophore in Proteus mirabilis (4), its general importance for iron nutrition in these bacteria seems questionable, especially in the presence of amino acid-rich media. It is well known that the amino acid deaminase reaction is the most distinguishing feature of the tribe Proteeae (6) and is responsible for a wide variety of ox-keto acids produced from amino acids prevailing in a complex medium * Corresponding author.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Alpha-keto acids are novel siderophores in the genera Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella and are produced by amino acid deaminases

et al. 1993

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Growth promotion and iron transport studies revealed that certain at-keto acids generated by amino acid deaminases, by enterobacteria of the Proteus-Providencia-Morganella group (of the tribe Proteeae), show significant siderophore activity. Their iron-binding properties were confirmed by the chrome azurol S assay and UV spectra. These compounds form ligand-to-metal charge transfer bands in the range of 400 to 500 nm. Additional absorption bands of the enolized ligands at 500 to 700 nm are responsible for color formation. Siderophore activity was most pronounced with ce-keto acids possessing an aromatic or heteroaromatic side chain, like phenylpyruvic acid and indolylpyruvic acid, resulting from deamination of phenylalanine and tryptophan, respectively. In addition, cK-keto acids possessing longer nonpolar side chains, like a-ketoisocaproic acid or a-ketoisovaleric acid and even a-ketoadipic acid, also showed siderophore activity which was absent or negligible with smaller a-keto acids or those possessing polar functional groups, like pyruvic acid, ce-ketobutyric acid, or a-ketoglutaric acid. The fact that deaminase-negative enterobacteria, like Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., could not utilize a-keto acids supports the view that specific iron-carboxylate transport systems have evolved in members of the tribe Proteeae and are designed to recognize ferric complexes of both ce-hydroxy acids and oe-keto acids, of which the latter can easily be generated by L-amino acid deaminases in an amino acid-rich medium. Exogenous siderophores, like ferric hydroxamates (ferrichromes) and ferric polycarboxylates (rhizoferrin and citrate), were also utilized by members of the tribe Proteeae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

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confidence: 99%

Alpha-keto acids are novel siderophores in the genera Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella and are produced by amino acid deaminases

et al. 1993

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“…The addition of exogenous iron reduces the susceptibility of animals to the development of P. mirabilis pyelonephritis (131). While most enterobacteria produce phenolate (enterobactin)-and/or hydroxamine (aerobactin)-type siderophores during iron-limiting conditions (42,45,296), none of these traditional siderophores have been demonstrated to be produced in Proteus, Providencia, or Morganella species (92,296,323). It has been proposed that these bacterial genera utilize ␣-keto acids derived from the deamination of amino acid by amino acid deaminase to bind iron and act as potential siderophores (85).…”

Section: Damage To the Host And Acquisition Of Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complicated Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Due toEscherichia coliandProteus mirabilis

et al. 2008

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SUMMARY Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) represent the most common type of nosocomial infection and are a major health concern due to the complications and frequent recurrence. These infections are often caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Gram-negative bacterial species that cause CAUTIs express a number of virulence factors associated with adhesion, motility, biofilm formation, immunoavoidance, and nutrient acquisition as well as factors that cause damage to the host. These infections can be reduced by limiting catheter usage and ensuring that health care professionals correctly use closed-system Foley catheters. A number of novel approaches such as condom and suprapubic catheters, intermittent catheterization, new surfaces, catheters with antimicrobial agents, and probiotics have thus far met with limited success. While the diagnosis of symptomatic versus asymptomatic CAUTIs may be a contentious issue, it is generally agreed that once a catheterized patient is believed to have a symptomatic urinary tract infection, the catheter is removed if possible due to the high rate of relapse. Research focusing on the pathogenesis of CAUTIs will lead to a better understanding of the disease process and will subsequently lead to the development of new diagnosis, prevention, and treatment options.

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“…tein has been cloned from the latter two bacteria (64a, 67a). The effects of iron stress have been studied in many gramnegative bacteria, including Escherichia (12,14,36,48,53), Haemophilus (49,50), Klebsiella (33,42), Neisseria (4,58,73), Pasteurella (16,31,55,66), Pseudomonas (60), Proteus (18), Salmonella (17,20,75), Serratia (46), Shigella (57), Vibrio (2,15,37,69), and Yersinia (8,9,61) spp. These bacteria synthesize numerous iron-regulated membrane proteins (IRMP) whose biochemical functions are for the most part uncharacterized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%