Siderophore production by streptomycetes—stability and alteration of ferrihydroxamates in heavy metal-contaminated soil

Abstract

Heavy metal-contaminated soil derived from a former uranium mining site in Ronneburg, Germany, was used for sterile mesocosms inoculated with the extremely metal-resistant Streptomyces mirabilis P16B-1 or the sensitive control strain Streptomyces lividans TK24. The production and fate of bacterial hydroxamate siderophores in soil was analyzed, and the presence of ferrioxamines E, B, D, and G was shown. While total ferrioxamine concentrations decreased in water-treated controls after 30 days of incubation, the sustained production by the bacteria was seen. For the individual molecules, alteration between neutral and cationic forms and linearization of hydroxamates was observed for the first time. Mesocosms inoculated with biomass of either strain showed changes of siderophore contents compared with the non-treated control indicating for auto-alteration and consumption, respectively, depending on the vital bacteria present. Heat stability and structural consistency of siderophores obtained from sterile culture filtrate were shown. In addition, low recovery (32 %) from soil was shown, indicating adsorption to soil particles or soil organic matter. Fate and behavior of hydroxamate siderophores in metal-contaminated soils may affect soil properties as well as conditions for its inhabiting (micro)organisms.

Promising bacterial genera for agricultural practices: An insight on plant growth-promoting properties and microbial safety aspects

“…Usually, hydroxamates are more commonly found in neutral to acid environments while catecholates are more commonly found in neutral to alkaline environments (Saha et al, 2013). Several bacterial genera were described to produce siderophores, such as Azotobacter (Baars et al, 2016;McRose et al, 2017;Romero-Perdomo et al, 2017), Azospirillum (Banik et al, 2016), Bacillus (Kesaulya et al, 2018;Pourbabaee et al, 2018), Dickeya (Sandy and Butler, 2011), Klebsiella (Bailey et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2017), Nocardia (Hoshino et al, 2011), Pantoea (Burbank et al, 2015;Soutar and Stavrinides, 2018), Paenibacillus (Liu et al, 2017), Pseudomonas (Baune et al, 2017;Deori et al, 2018;Pourbabaee et al, 2018), Serratia (Coulthurst, 2014) and Streptomyces (Gáll et al, 2016;Goudjal et al, 2016;Schütze et al, 2014).…”

Use of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Maize and Sugarcane: Characteristics and Applications

“…Several bacterial species are capable of producing siderophores, including, Azospirillum (Banik et al, 2016), Dickeya (Sandy and Butler, 2011), Klebsiella (Zhang et al, 2017;Bailey et al, 2018), Nocardia (Hoshino et al, 2011;Soutar and Stavrinides, 2018), Pantoea (Burbank et al, 2015), Pseudomonas (Baune et al, 2017;Deori et al, 2018;Pourbabaee et al, 2018), Azotobacter (Romero-Perdomo et al, 2017), Paenibacillus (Liu et al, 2017), Bacillus (Kesaulya et al, 2018;Pourbabaee et al, 2018), Serratia (Lee et al, 2017) and Streptomyces (Schutze et al, 2015;Gáll et al, 2016;Goudjal et al, 2016).…”

Processing of Metals and Metalloids by Actinobacteria: Cell Resistance Mechanisms and Synthesis of Metal(loid)-Based Nanostructures

“…can chelate Ni, Al, Cd, Cu, gallium (Ga), Pb, Zn, U, and As, although the binding strength of these metal(loid)s is lower as compared to Fe [ 63 , 65 , 69 , 71 , 76 ]. Once metal(loid)s form a complex with siderophores, they can either be assimilated or sequestered in the extracellular environment, the latter alleviating the cell stress deriving from toxic metal(loid)s [ 63 , 69 , 72 ]. Particularly, coelichelin, desferrioxamines, and hydroxamates produced by S. acidiscabies E13 and S. tendae F4 showed good binding selectivity and, therefore, toxicity protection towards Ni 2+ Leifsonia spp.…”