Sideswipe injuries around the elbow: Management and functional evaluation

Abstract

Introduction:Sideswipe injuries constitute a subgroup of complex elbow trauma. Almost all of these are high energy open injuries. There is no fixed protocol that is followed in the earlier studies. The injury pattern is grotesque and ill managed with poor functional outcome. We report the functional outcome in our series of patients who sustained sideswipe injuries.Materials and Methods:Thirty four patients presenting with sideswipe injuries around the elbow were managed and functional results evaluated. The patients were followed for 15-94 months (mean 74 months). 32 of these were males and two were females. The injuries were sustained between 8 years and 48 years age group (mean 30 years). The right side was affected in 20 and left side was injured in 14 patients. Road traffic accident was the cause in all patients. Principles of management followed were (1) debridement and stabilization of fractures, (2) vascular repair, (3) redebridement, (4) nerve repair and (5) soft tissue cover. An external fixator was used for fracture stabilization in 20 patients with open fractures. Internal fixation was used as a stabilization modality in 12 patients. Primary nerve repair was carried out in 4 cases. In case of segmental loss, tendon transfers or nerve grafting was carried out at a later date once softtissue healing was complete. Soft tissue coverage was provided within 24-48 h of injury. Results were evaluated using the Mayo elbow performance score.Results:The average Mayo elbow performance score was 70. Excellent results (score > 90) in accordance with Mayo elbow score were seen in 30% of the patients. Good results (score 75-89) were seen in 33% of the patients.Conclusion:Sideswipe injuries should be managed timely, aggressively and an algorithmic protocol should be followed to achieve best results. The injury pattern is distinct for which a multispecialty approach is needed and an orthopedic, vascular and plastic surgeon must be involved. Limb salvage is possible in most cases.

The flail elbow: Every surgeon's nightmare

“…It could be due to trauma, infection related complications (infected bone, peri-implant, or peri-prosthetic infections), osteolysis due to arthroplasty and malignancy (due to destruction of bone or removal of bone). Typical examples include gun-shot injuries, 7 sideswipe injuries 8 and open fractures with bone loss. These are complex problems and can be associated with musculo-tendinous, neuro-vascular and or other soft tissue deficit (Fig.…”

“…This condition requires surgical stabilization to provide structural stability to restore function. 20 Bone and soft tissue loss in and around the elbow due to complex trauma such as gunshot injuries, 7 sideswipe injuries 8 and open fractures with bone loss, poses a surgical challenge. These are complex problems and can be associated with musculo-tendinous, neuro-vascular and/or other soft tissue injuries.…”

Sideswipe Injury to the Leg – A Hefty Price for an Autorickshaw Ride: A Case Report

“…Sideswipe injury is often described as a complex elbow injury occurring when the elbow rests on a side bar of the window of a vehicle and is then impacted by another vehicle traveling in the same or opposite direction [1]. Most of these are open injuries resulting from a high-energy trauma but can be prevented by simply keeping the limbs inside the vehicle [2].…”

Sideswipe injury of the knee: The new face of an old foe?

“…The term “sideswipe injury” is used in medical literature mainly to describe injuries around the elbow sustained by individuals who rest their elbow on the window of a vehicle, in which they are traveling, and the protruding part of the limb is then hit by a vehicle moving in either the same or the opposite direction. It is synonymous and used interchangeably with the term “traffic elbow.” 1 …”

“…The complexity of the injury pattern and the poor functional outcome has been well documented in the literature, 1 2 3 even as far back as seven decades ago. 4 …”