Sideward Flow in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>u</mml:mi></mml:math>Collisions between<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">A</mml:mi></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">A</mml:mi></mml:math>GeV

Liu, H.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Alexander, J.; Anderson, M.; Best, D.; Brady, F.P.; Case, T.; Caskey, W.; Cebra, D.; Chance, J. L.; Cole, B.; Crowe, K.; Das, A.; Draper, J. E.; Gilkes, M. L.; Gushue, S.; Heffner, M.; Hirsch, A. S.; Hjort, E.; Huo, L.; Justice, M.; Kaplan, M.; Keane, D.; Kintner, J. C.; Klay, J. L.; Krofcheck, D.; Lacey, R.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, Y. M.; McGrath, Robert; Milosevich, Z.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Panitkin, S.; Porile, N.; Rai, G.; Ritter, H.G.; Romero, J. L.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schroeder, L. S.; Srivastava, B.; Stone, N. T. B.; Symons, T. J. M.; Wang, S.; Whitfield, J.; Wienold, T.; Witt, R.; Wood, L.; Yang, X.; Zhang, W. N.; Zhang, Y.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.5488

Cited by 121 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In Figs. 4-6 the comparison with Bevalac and AGS data on the directed flow of protons [21,55,58] and "nucleons" [21,55] is presented. Under "nucleon data" we mean the combined flow of identified protons and light nuclear fragments [21,55].…”

Section: Directed Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Collective flow in heavy-ion collisions forElab=1−160GeV/nucleon

Russkikh

Ivanov

2006

Phys. Rev. C

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Collective transverse flow in heavy-ion collisions at incident energies E lab ≃ (1-160)A GeV is analyzed within the model of 3-fluid dynamics (3FD). Simulations are performed with purely hadronic equation of state (EoS). At the AGS energies the flow turns out to be sensitive to the stopping power of nuclear matter rather than only to the stiffness of the EoS. When the stopping power is fixed to reproduce other observables, the flow data favor more and more soft EoS with the incident energy rise, which can be associated with "a transition from hadronic to string matter" reported in the Hadron-String-Dynamics (HSD) model. Problems, which are met in simultaneous reproduction of directed and elliptic flows within the 3FD, suggest that the transverse flow is very sensitive to the character of the transverse-momentum nonequilibrium at the initial stage of collision. Arguments in favor of "early-stage" nature of the flow observable are put forward. This suggests that the flow (especially the directed one) is determined by early-stage evolution of the collision rather than freeze-out stage.

show abstract

Section: Directed Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present there are quite systematic collective-flow data, both on directed and elliptic transverse flows, at AGS [53,54,55,56,57,58,59] and SPS [60,61,62,63] energies. We confine our present discussion to the flow of non-strange probes, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective flow in heavy-ion collisions forElab=1−160GeV/nucleon

Russkikh

Ivanov

2006

Phys. Rev. C

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“…5). This observation of the apparent collapse of the collective flow v 2 is remarkable because the proton elliptic flow v 2 at top AGS (11 A·GeV) [43] and top SPS energies (160 A·GeV) [44] is non-zero for mid-central collisions and large for peripheral collisions. This experimental observation of a minimum of the collective flow excitation function has been predicted as a signature for a first order phase transition [45].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of QGP Signatures — Ideas Versus Observables

Bratkovskaya

Bleicher

Dumitru

et al. 2004

Structure and Dynamics of Elementary Matter

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We investigate hadron production and transverse hadron spectra in nucleus-nucleus collisions from 2 A·GeV to 21.3 A·TeV within two independent transport approaches (UrQMD and HSD) based on quark, diquark, string and hadronic degrees of freedom. The enhancement of pion production in central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions relative to scaled pp collisions (the 'kink') is described well by both approaches without involving a phase transition. However, the maximum in the K + /π + ratio at 20 to 30 A·GeV (the 'horn') is missed by ∼ 40%. Also, at energies above ∼ 5 A·GeV, the measured K ± mT -spectra have a larger inverse slope than expected from the models. Thus the pressure generated by hadronic interactions in the transport models at high energies is too low. This finding suggests that the additional pressure -as expected from lattice QCD at finite quark chemical potential and temperature -might be generated by strong interactions in the early pre-hadronic/partonic phase of central heavy-ion collisions. Finally, we discuss the emergence of density perturbations in a first-order phase transition and why they might affect relative hadron multiplicities, collective flow, and hadron mean-free paths at decoupling. A minimum in the collective flow v2 excitation function was discovered experimentally at 40 A·GeV -such a behavior has been predicted long ago as signature for a first order phase transition.

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“…Values for the v 1 (y ) slope are extracted via a polynomial fit of the form F y + Cy 3 . At low energies, a different slope, that is, the slope of p x (y ) in stead of v 1 (y), has been measured for protons by the E877 [18] and the E895 [17] Collaboration. The d p x /dy decreases steadily with increasing beam energy over the E877 and the E895 energy range.…”

Section: Directed Flow Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed flow measurements from STAR

Chen¹

2011

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Sideward Flow inAu+AuCollisions between2Aand8AGeV

Cited by 121 publications

References 31 publications

Collective flow in heavy-ion collisions forElab=1−160GeV/nucleon

Collective flow in heavy-ion collisions forElab=1−160GeV/nucleon

Review of QGP Signatures — Ideas Versus Observables

Directed flow measurements from STAR

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