Sideways walk test: Reliability and association with lower limb motor function after stroke

Ng, Ssm; Lau, Bobby K C; Law, Gilbert T C; Wom, Choco W K; Liu, Tai Wa; Tam, Eric W.; Tse, Mun Yee Mimi; Fong, Shirley S.M.

doi:10.2340/16501977-2129

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Therefore, people with stroke exhibited disparate movement patterns, resulting in restricted functional performance in STST compared with that of healthy older adults. This is consistent with previous studies that people with stroke took longer time than the control group to complete functional tests, such as the Trail Walking Test (32) and the Sideways Walk Test (33). However, further research is needed to investigate the extent to which stroke-related impairments affect STST completion time.…”

Section: Supine-to-stand Test Performancesupporting

confidence: 90%

Reliability and validity of the supine-to-stand test in people with stroke

Ng,

Chen,

Chan

et al. 2023

JRM

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Objective: To investigate the psychometric properties of the supine-to-stand test in people with stroke. Design: Cross-sectional design. Subjects: Fifty-two people with stroke (mean (standard deviation) age 63.13 (6.09) years; time post-stroke 93.13 (61.36) months) and 49 healthy older adults (61.90 (7.29) months). Methods: Subjects with stroke were recruited from the community dwelling in Hong Kong and assessed with the supineto- stand test, Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment, ankle muscle strength test, Berg Balance Scale, limit of stability test, Timed Up-and-Go Test, Six-Minute Walk Test, Chinese version of Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, Community Integration Measure (CIM-C), and 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) in a university-based rehabilitation laboratory. Results: The supine-to-stand test completion time demonstrated excellent intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.946–1.000) for the people with stroke. The completion time was significantly negatively correlated with Berg Balance Scale, Six-Minute Walk Test, limit of stability – maximal excursion, and limit of stability – endpoint excursion results (r = –0.391 to –0.507), whereas it was positively correlated with the Timed Up-and-Go test results (r = 0.461). The optimal cut-off supine-to-stand test completion time of 5.25 s is feasible for a clinical measure to distinguish the performance of people with stroke from healthy older adults (area under the curve = 0.852, sensitivity = 81.1%, specificity = 84.0%). Conclusion: The supine-to-stand test is a reliable, sensitive, specific and easy-to-administer clinical test for assessing the supine-to-stand ability of people with stroke.

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Section: Supine-to-stand Test Performancesupporting

confidence: 90%

Reliability and validity of the supine-to-stand test in people with stroke

Ng,

Chen,

Chan

et al. 2023

JRM

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“…Lateral walking: The researcher gave clear instructions along with a demonstration of the procedure of lateral walking. Participants were asked to stand on the inner side of their bare feet by placing both hands at the anterior superior iliac spines and then walk laterally in a straight line along the 10-meter-long measuring tape, keeping their head up and without crossing the feet [5,6,17]. Each subject was asked to perform one practice trial and three timed trials.…”

Section: Outcome Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Reference norms of heel-to-toe walking, lateral walking, and step-over walking among young adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sharma¹,

Kaur²,

Kumar³

2023

areh

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Introduction: Clinimetric properties play an essential part in clinical practice in order to select the appropriate measurement instrument and reference value aid in the evaluation of intervention efficacy and precision of tool. This study aims to establish inter-rater and intra-rater reliability as well as normative reference values of heel-to-toe walking, lateral walking, and step-over walking among young adults.Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 young adults in the age group between 18 and 25 years were recruited according to the eligibility criteria. All the tests were recorded 3 times with the help of a stopwatch to calculate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. The mean values were statistically analysed. Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used for the normality of the data. The descriptive statistics are reported as geometric mean (GM) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Heel-to-toe (ICC = 0.99, Cronbach's α -0.994), lateral (ICC = 0.96, Cronbach's α -0.988), and step-over walking (ICC = 0.96, Cronbach's α -0.987) demonstrated excellent intra-rater reliability. Inter-rater reliability was excellent for heel-to-toe walking (ICC = 0.92, Cronbach's α -0.923), lateral walking (ICC = 0.84, Cronbach's α -0.846), and step-over walking (ICC = 0.92, Cronbach's α -0.929). Reference norms for step-over, heel-to-toe walking, and lateral walking came out to be 24.71s, 35.02s, and 20.09s, respectively.Conclusions: Findings indicate that heel-to-toe walking, lateral walking, and step-over walking are reliable tests and can be further recommended to measure coordination among young adults.

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Bend Don’t Break: Stretching Improves Scores on a Battery of Fall Assessment Tools in Older Adults

Johnson¹,

Hutchinson²,

Hargett³

et al. 2021

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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Context: Falls and loss of autonomy are often attributed in large part to musculoskeletal impairments in later adulthood. Age-related declines in flexibility contribute to late adulthood musculoskeletal impairment. The novel sitting-rising test has been proposed to be a quick, effective screening of musculoskeletal fitness, fall risk, and all-cause mortality in older adults. The timed up and go and 5 times sit-to-stand tests are two of the 3 most evidence-supported performance measures to assess fall risk. Objective: This study aimed to determine if 5 weeks of flexibility training could increase sitting-rising test, timed up and go, and 5 times sit-to-stand scores in community-dwelling older adults. Participants: Forty-seven adults aged 60 years and older (mean age = 66.7 y, SD = 4.1) participated in this study. Participants completed a static stretching protocol consisting of 3 weekly 1-hour stretching sessions. Results: The protocol improved flexibility as seen in sit-and-reach scores and improved scores on all outcome variables. Specifically, there was a significant increase in sitting-rising test scores from preintervention (M = 7.45, SD = 1.45) to postintervention (M = 8.04, SD = 1.36), t(42) = −5.21, P < .001. Timed up and go scores demonstrated a significant decrease from preintervention (M = 8.85, SD = 1.32) to postintervention (M = 8.20, SD = 1.35), t(46) = 5.10, P < .001. Five times sit-to-stand scores demonstrated a significant decrease from preintervention (M = 12.57, SD = 2.68) to postintervention (M = 10.46, SD = 2.06), t(46) = 6.62, P < .001. Finally, significant increases in sit-and-reach scores were associated with improved functional performance (r = −.308, P = .03). Conclusion: Findings suggest that flexibility training can be an effective mode of low-level exercise to improve functional outcomes. Static stretching may help to improve musculoskeletal health, promote autonomy, and decrease mortality in community-dwelling older adults.

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Sideways walk test: Reliability and association with lower limb motor function after stroke

Abstract: The sideways walk test is a reliable and easy-to-administer clinical test for assessing sideways walking ability of individuals with chronic stroke.

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Reliability and validity of the supine-to-stand test in people with stroke

Reliability and validity of the supine-to-stand test in people with stroke

Reliability and Reference norms of heel-to-toe walking, lateral walking, and step-over walking among young adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Bend Don’t Break: Stretching Improves Scores on a Battery of Fall Assessment Tools in Older Adults

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