Sideways Walking Control of a Cyborg Beetle

Nguyen, Huu Duoc; Tan, Pak Zan; Sato, Hirotaka; Doan, Tat Thang Vo

doi:10.1109/tmrb.2020.3004632

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Ando and Kanzaki [26] describes well the challenges of a closed-loop control of cyborg insects, including a human operator in the loop, while providing a good overview of the current technologies available mainly focused on flying insects. An experiment of control the walking path of a beetle was reported in reference [27], indicating the location, levels and frequency of electrical stimulus to guide/stimulate the insect to move forward or sideways. Reference [28] provides a detailed characterization of the biomechanics of leg movements of insects in order to produce robot insects and, more importantly for our study, the mechanical and neurological details of climbing movements of cockroach.…”

Section: B Domestication Of Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The loop that encompasses them all, the eco-system, is autonomous and may have unintended consequences. Land locomotion control cockroach 4 Radio controlled electrical probes antenna; prothoracic ganglia [32], [37], [76], [77] beetle 5 Radio controlled electrical probes leg muscles; pronotum; elytra [27], [34] 1 Maduca sexta; 2 Mecynorhina polyphemus or Mecynorhina torquata; 3 Anisoptera 4 Periplaneta Americana, Gromphadorhina Portentosa, Blaberus discoidalis; 5 Zophobas morio, Mecynorhina torquata reflexes, in closed sensorimotor loop scenarios. They found that, for this particular cell and task, open-and closedloop cell responses are similar, contrary to what would be expected, and further characterised the electrical dynamics of H1-cells with respect to optical flow.…”

Section: Biological Hypotheses Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyborg Insects: Bug or a Feature?

2022

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Cyborg insects are a major part of the vision of future interactions of the living world and technology, including but not limited to the Internet of Living Things (IoLT). They are crawling or flying insects with additional electronic circuitry allowing remote control of their movement and collection of sensory data. In this critical review, we survey the historical development of cyborg insects engineering, from the first backpacks on insects used for communication and sensing, to different methods of control and actuation of insects' locomotion. We review the suggested applications of cyborg insects ranging from military use to agriculture, pointing out the problematic connotations of swarms and cyborgs in these contexts. We address the applications and the narratives around engineered insects from the perspective of philosophy, economy, law, and politics. We add perspectives on emancipatory potential of cyborg technology and where the future of it could lie.INDEX TERMS Cyborg insects, Internet of living things, Internet of things.

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Section: B Domestication Of Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biological Hypotheses Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyborg Insects: Bug or a Feature?

2022

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“…The motor actions of the insect can be controlled by sending the electrical stimulus directly from the backpack terminals to the muscles or neural clusters through implanted electrodes. Precise walking gaits in beetles were achieved by stimulating the leg muscles [30,31] while turning, backward, forward, and sideways walking were driven by stimulating the mechanosensory organs (e.g., antennae, cercus, and elytra) and ganglion in beetles [32,33] and cockroaches [34][35][36]. Flight initiation and cessation of the beetles were achieved by stimulating optic lobes [27] and indirect flight muscles [37] while stimulating direct flight muscles enable steering control in flight [25,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cyborg Insect Reveals a Function of a Muscle in Free Flight

2022

Self Cite

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While engineers put lots of effort, resources, and time in building insect scale micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) that fly like insects, insects themselves are the real masters of flight. What if we would use living insect as platform for MAV instead? Here, we reported a flight control via electrical stimulation of a flight muscle of an insect-computer hybrid robot, which is the interface of a mountable wireless backpack controller and a living beetle. The beetle uses indirect flight muscles to drive wing flapping and three major direct flight muscles (basalar, subalar, and third axilliary (3Ax) muscles) to control the kinematics of the wings for flight maneuver. While turning control was already achieved by stimulating basalar and 3Ax muscles, electrical stimulation of subalar muscles resulted in braking and elevation control in flight. We also demonstrated around 20 degrees of contralateral yaw and roll by stimulating individual subalar muscle. Stimulating both subalar muscles lead to an increase of 20 degrees in pitch and decelerate the flight by 1.5 m/s2 as well as an induce in elevation of 2 m/s2.

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“…Instead of manufacturing complicated artificial micro-robots, transforming the natural mechanism of a small animal into a bio-robot offers a new solution. There have been some successful demonstrations of the transformation of animals into bio-robots: the beetles were transformed into flying bio-robots via muscular stimulation; [14][15][16][17][18][19] the moth was used to develop a flying bio-robot by stimulating the nerve cords; [20] the beetle and the cockroach were transformed into the path-following walking bio-robots; [21][22][23][24][25] and a swimming bio-robot was developed from the jellyfish. [26] These biorobots took advantage of the creatures' original motor talents and were realized with human intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Steering Jump Control of a Locust Bio‐Robot via Asynchronous Hindleg Kickings

2022

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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The locust's steering behavior has long been thought to be achieved under the control of fore‐ and mesothoracic legs before takeoff. This turning strategy is not necessarily present in all steering jumps. It is found that the locust could achieve a large‐angle steering jump without significant yaw rotation beforehand. Herein, how the hindlegs contribute to the steering jump, including kinematic analyses and reaction forces measurement, is studied. It is found that the contralateral hindleg of the turn direction presses down tens of milliseconds earlier than the ipsilateral side. The time lag between both hindlegs is primarily responsible for the steering jumps. The leg kickings with a time lag is induced exogenously by designing sequential electrical stimulation signals for the muscles of both legs. Under 0‐ms, 20‐ms, and 40‐ms time lags, the induced steering angles are 2.1°, 22.1°, and 24.2°, respectively, in the loosely tethered jumps. A locust is transformed into a bio‐robot via a custom e‐backpack and demonstrate a remote‐controlled 20° jump of the bio‐robot. The asynchronous actions of bilateral actuators for steering jumps are extremely beneficial for micro‐robots, as both the jumping and the steering functions can be compacted together.

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Sideways Walking Control of a Cyborg Beetle

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

Cyborg Insects: Bug or a Feature?

Cyborg Insects: Bug or a Feature?

A Cyborg Insect Reveals a Function of a Muscle in Free Flight

The Steering Jump Control of a Locust Bio‐Robot via Asynchronous Hindleg Kickings

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