Sieving of Solid Food by the Canine Stomach and Sieving After Gastric Surgery

Meyer, James H.; Thomson, J.B.; Cohen, Marvin B.; Shadchehr, Ali; Mandiola, Sergio

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(79)80182-1

Cited by 196 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The flowmeters were also calibrated during continuous flow, achieved by gravity and in the presence of particles, in order to take account of the fact that, in the dog, particles less than 2 mm are suspended in the liquid which is propelled through the pyloric canal into the duodenum (Meyer, Thomson, Cohen, Shadchehr & Mandiola, 1979). Protein particles obtained by the action of hydrochloric acid (1 M) on a casein solution prepared as described by Orskov, MacLeod, Kay & Gregory (1984) and standardized for size by passage through a sieve (0 4 and 1 mm) were tested against particles obtained from samples of chyme through the duodenal cannula after a test meal, as described by Becker & Kelly (1983).…”

Section: Validationstudiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duodenal bulb control of the flow rate of digesta in the fasted and fed dog.

Malbert

Ruckebusch

1989

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Continuous measurement of the flow of digesta near the pylorus, and 5 cm aborally, was assessed in the conscious dog using a chronically implanted flowmeter. The patterns of flow were related to motor activity of the gastroduodenal junction.2. Electromagnetic measurement of the flow was calibrated in vitro by means of a pulsatile pump. Validation was obtained in vivo by direct evaluation of the amount of chyme collected from an open duodenal cannula and indirectly by a dye-dilution technique.3. After a 12 h fast, only small amounts of gastric contents were delivered into the duodenum. This transfer occurred during periods of irregular motor activity recorded along the gastroduodenal junction, which occupied less than 25% of the recording time. The patterns of flow near the pylorus and beyond the duodenal bulb were correlated to antral and duodenal contractions respectively. 4. After a meal, gastric emptying occurred intermittently and was related to enhanced antral motor activity beyond the duodenal bulb; digesta flowed in clusters of gushes which were related to the duodenal contractions.5. It is concluded that the mechanical role of the duodenal bulb is to change the intermittent juxtapyloric flow of digesta into a uniform flow at the duodenal level.

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Section: Validationstudiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duodenal bulb control of the flow rate of digesta in the fasted and fed dog.

Malbert

Ruckebusch

1989

The Journal of Physiology

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“…1 0.63 mm in the dog). [9][10][11] Liquid phase emptying follows an exponential pattern in humans 12 and in the dog 10 and cat. 13 Solid meals empty in a slower, more linear pattern that often is preceded by a lag phase thought to be representative of the process of trituration.…”

Section: Gastric Emptying: Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Solid meals empty in a slower, more linear pattern that often is preceded by a lag phase thought to be representative of the process of trituration. 10,[14][15][16][17] In the dog, small indigestible particles (diameter Ͻ 1.6 mm) empty promptly from the stomach, whereas large indigestible solids (diameter Ͼ 2 mm) that are resistant to trituration, are retained until the digestible solids have emptied and the interdigestive motor pattern is recovered. 9,16 However, in the horse and in humans, indigestible solids can empty with digestible food.…”

Section: Gastric Emptying: Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 Conversely, 1 study indicated that gastric emptying of both large (5 mm) and small (1.5 mm) BIPS was significantly correlated with the gastric emptying of concurrently ingested food. 53 Studies have shown that the triturative functions of the canine stomach reduce the particle size of most digestible food to particles of 0.10-0.63 mm in diameter, 10,16,69 but the BIP size taken to represent gastric emptying of solid food measures 1.5 mm. The gastric transit of indigestible radiopaque solids cannot be taken to represent the gastric transit of solid food because these solids are resistant to trituration and consequently cannot provide a physiological representation of the sieving and triturative functions that characterize solid phase gastric emptying.…”

Section: Diagnostic Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Methods for Assessment of the Rate of Gastric Emptying in the Dog and Cat: 1898–2002

Wyse¹,

McLellan²,

Dickie³

et al. 2003

J Vet Int Med

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Gastric emptying is the process by which food is delivered to the small intestine at a rate and in a form that optimizes intestinal absorption of nutrients. The rate of gastric emptying is subject to alteration by physiological, pharmacological, and pathological conditions. Gastric emptying of solids is of greater clinical significance because disordered gastric emptying rarely is detectable in the liquid phase. Imaging techniques have the disadvantage of requiring restraint of the animal and access to expensive equipment. Radiographic methods require administration of test meals that are not similar to food. Scintigraphy is the gold standard method for assessment of gastric emptying but requires administration of a radioisotope. Magnetic resonance imaging has not yet been applied for assessment of gastric emptying in small animals. Ultrasonography is a potentially useful, but subjective, method for assessment of gastric emptying in dogs. Gastric tracer methods require insertion of gastric or intestinal cannulae and are rarely applied outside of the research laboratory. The paracetamol absorption test has been applied for assessment of liquid phase gastric emptying in the dog, but requires IV cannulation. The gastric emptying breath test is a noninvasive method for assessment of gastric emptying that has been applied in dogs and cats. This method can be carried out away from the veterinary hospital, but the effects of physiological and pathological abnormalities on the test are not known. Advances in technology will facilitate the development of reliable methods for assessment of gastric emptying in small animals.

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“…7 Digestible food of more solid consistency requires antral trituration which sets up liquid shearing forces that reduce particle size to <2 mm. 8 Until particles are reduced by these forces to <2 mm, there is a lag before solid emptying can start. After trituration, food empties linearly from the stomach at a rate similar to that of a homogenized solid meal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug–resin drug interactions in patients with delayed gastric emptying: What is optimal time window for drug administration?

Camilleri

2016

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Most drug-drug interactions involve overlap or competition in drug metabolic pathways. However, there are medications, typically resins, whose function is to bind injurious substances such as bile acids or potassium within the digestive tract. The objective of this article is to review the functions of the stomach and the kinetics of emptying of different food forms or formulations to make recommendations on timing of medication administration in order to avoid intragastric drug interactions. Based on the profiles and kinetics of emptying of liquid nutrients and homogenized solids, a window of 3 hours between administration of a resin drug and another “target” medication would be expected to allow a median of 80% of medications with particle size <1mm to empty from the stomach and, hence, avoid potential interaction such as binding of the “target” medication within the stomach.

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Sieving of Solid Food by the Canine Stomach and Sieving After Gastric Surgery

Cited by 196 publications

References 17 publications

Duodenal bulb control of the flow rate of digesta in the fasted and fed dog.

Duodenal bulb control of the flow rate of digesta in the fasted and fed dog.

A Review of Methods for Assessment of the Rate of Gastric Emptying in the Dog and Cat: 1898–2002

Drug–resin drug interactions in patients with delayed gastric emptying: What is optimal time window for drug administration?

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