Sight distance and horizontal curve aspects in the design of road tunnels vs. highways

Bassan, Shy

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2014.10.004

Cited by 32 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Three angles of curvature (θ) chosen for the investigation are 20°, 25°, and 30°. The radius of curvature (R) is calculated accordingly based on the chosen angle of curvature and maintaining a design speed of 50-60 km/hour and a safe sight distance of 35-50 m [7]. Explosion is located at the centre of the tunnel cross-section.…”

Section: Geometrical Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Horizontal Curve on the Response of Road Tunnels under Internal Explosion

2022

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Internal explosion in a tunnel is a complex loading phenomenon where the tunnel lining is subjected to not only direct impact of explosion but also loading due to multiple reflection of blast waves which could be of magnitude higher than that of incident blast wave. This kind of loading is complex in nature and difficult to predict using simple analysis tools. Further, it poses a serious threat to its structural integrity. Studies have been conducted in the past to understand the behaviour of tunnel under internal explosion. However, they have been focused on straight tunnels ignoring the convex and concave shapes introduced due to horizontal and vertical curves. Shape of the target surface has significant effect on the characteristics of blast wave. This study investigates the effect of horizontal curves on the damage behaviour of tunnel lining due to internal explosion. A series of numerical simulation are performed on box-shaped tunnel with varying curvature radius and the results are compared with that of straight tunnel adopting Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MM-ALE) method using LS-DYNA®. Explosive and air are modeled using ALE formulation, whereas, tunnel and soil are modeled using Lagrangian formulation. Further, Jones-Wilkins-Lee equation of state is used to model the explosion. Damage to the tunnel lining is measured in terms of peak particle velocity (PPV) and von-Mises stress. It is observed that walls of curved tunnels undergo more PPV compared with straight tunnel wherein concave wall show the highest PPV. Propagation of blast wave along the tunnel length is significantly affected due to the introduction of curvature resulting in change in reflection patterns. This further leads to variation in stress contours on tunnel lining with higher concentration of stress in curved tunnels than in straight tunnel.

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Section: Geometrical Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Horizontal Curve on the Response of Road Tunnels under Internal Explosion

2022

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“…Scholars have carried out extensive research on the traffic safety of UIs [6][7][8], and research methods are mainly divided into three types: theoretical derivation methods, subjective evaluation, and analysis methods based on vehicle data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle Driving Safety of Underground Interchanges Using a Driving Simulator and Data Mining Analysis

Liu,

Yang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Infrastructures

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In the process of driving in an underground interchange, drivers are faced with many challenges, such as being in a closed space, visual changes alternating between light and dark conditions, complex road conditions in the confluence section, and dense signage, which directly affect the safety and comfort of drivers in an underground interchange. Thus, driving simulation, building information modeling (BIM), and data mining were used to analyze the impact of underground interchange safety facilities on driving safety and comfort. Acceleration disturbance and steering wheel comfort loss values were used to assist the comfort analysis. The CART algorithm, classification decision trees, and neural networks were used for data mining, which uses a dichotomous recursive partitioning technique where multiple layers of neurons are superimposed to fit and replace very complex nonlinear mapping relationships. Ten different scenarios were designed for comparison. Multiple linear regression combined with ANOVA was used to calculate the significance of the control variables for each scenario on the evaluation index. The results show that appropriately reducing the length of the deceleration section can improve driving comfort, setting reasonable reminder signs at the merge junction can improve driving safety, and an appropriate wall color can reduce speed oscillation. This study indicates that the placement of traffic safety facilities significantly influences the safety and comfort of driving in underground interchanges. This study may provide support for the optimization of the design of underground interchange construction and internal traffic safety facilities.

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“…Reaction time is the time required from seeing the target unclearly to clearly [2]. e possibility of traffic accidents in the tunnel is positively correlated with the reaction time [5]; the longer reaction time will lead to further braking distance, so it is more likely to cause traffic accidents [6][7][8]. If the reaction time can be shortened, the safety of driving in a tunnel can be improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of LED Colour Rendering on Reaction Time of Human Eyes in Tunnel Interior Zone

Dong

Lou

Liu

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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The long reaction time of human eyes will increase the probability of traffic accidents in tunnels which can be reduced by improving lighting conditions. In recent years, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have replaced the traditional lighting source in a tunnel. Colour rendering index 2012 (CRI2012, a colour rendering evaluation index) is the most suitable evaluation method for colour rendering of LEDs. In order to study the impact of colour rendering of LEDs on the reaction time of human eyes, a driving simulation environment was designed. First, three CCTs (correlated colour temperatures), four CRI2012s, and eight colours of targets were assessed using mesopic photometry model MES-2. The calculation results indicated that the contrast of targets had a positive correlation with CRI2012 and had a negative correlation with CCT. Then, reaction time experiment was conducted in simulated tunnel environments. There are 30 observers who participated. The results show that the LEDs with higher CRI2012 and lower CCT in tunnel is conducive to reducing the reaction time of human eyes. High CRI2012 enables drivers to accurately and quickly identify colours. This paper provides a reference for the design of light source parameters, roads, walls, and warning signs in the tunnel.

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Sight distance and horizontal curve aspects in the design of road tunnels vs. highways

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of Horizontal Curve on the Response of Road Tunnels under Internal Explosion

Effect of Horizontal Curve on the Response of Road Tunnels under Internal Explosion

Vehicle Driving Safety of Underground Interchanges Using a Driving Simulator and Data Mining Analysis

The Impact of LED Colour Rendering on Reaction Time of Human Eyes in Tunnel Interior Zone

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