Sigma-phase in steel 1Kh20N14S2

Creep behavior of niobium-modified zirconium alloys

“…The activation energy was not influenced by stress or temperature ranges. However, the value of activation energy was found to be below the activation energy of 272 kJ/mol found by Lyashenko et al [23]. Although they did not present any microstructural evidence, they suggested that the stress exponent of $5 obtained above a stress level of 32 MPa is a direct evidence of the operation of dislocation climb-controlled mechanism.…”

“…(3) determined by Lyashenko et al [23] has been used here to evaluate the appropriate diffusivity value as it appears to be the most compatible with the experimental data under consideration. Thus, the following diffusivity [23] and temperature-dependent elastic modulus (E T ) were utilized in the normalization procedure for this study:…”