Sigma Phase Precipitation and its Influence on Hydrogen Induced Cracking of Duplex Stainless Steel Base Metal and Weld Metal

Nakade, Katsuyuki

doi:10.1007/bf03266396

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are increasingly being used in oil and gas, petrochemical, pulp, paper and marine industry [1,2], primarily due to their superior performance in comparison to traditional austenitic stainless steels (ASSs) that are more susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and pitting corrosion in chloride containing aqueous environments [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of solution annealing temperature on precipitation in 2205 duplex stainless steel

Kashiwar

Vennela

Kamath

et al. 2012

Materials Characterization

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of solution annealing temperature on precipitation in 2205 duplex stainless steel

Kashiwar

Vennela

Kamath

et al. 2012

Materials Characterization

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“…It is well known that Cr-based sigma-phase in duplex stainless steels is usually precipitated between 873 K and 1273 K (600°C and 1000°C) both in the base metal and in the weld zone. [34] As reported by Nakade, [25] the r-phase itself and sigma/ferrite r/a phase boundaries are preferential hydrogen-induced cracking sites in base 329J1 metal and in weld 329J4L metal, while ferrite quasi-cleavage HAC is observed only in base metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…[18] It is known that hydrogen induces a martensitic transformation in austenitic steel and causes an embrittlement of austenitic stainless steels, including welding structures. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] However, hydrogen effect on welded microstructures and hydrogen embrittlement is not fully understood. It is known that welds in austenitic steels contain several percent of d-ferrite-a phase that helps prevent hot cracking but provides a preferred path for crack propagation in the presence of hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Parameters on Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking of Type 321 Stainless Steel

Rozenak

Unigovski

Shneck

2016

Metall Mater Trans A

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The susceptibility of AISI type 321 stainless steel welded by the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process to hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) was studied in a tensile test combined with in situ cathodic charging. Specimen charging causes a decrease in ductility of both the as-received and welded specimens. The mechanical properties of welds depend on welding parameters. For example, the ultimate tensile strength and ductility increase with growing shielding gas (argon) rate. More severe decrease in the ductility was obtained after post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). In welded steels, in addition to discontinuous grain boundary carbides (M 23 C 6 ) and dense distribution of metal carbides MC ((Ti, Nb)C) precipitated in the matrix, the appearance of delta-ferrite phase was observed. The fracture of sensitized specimens was predominantly intergranular, whereas the as-welded specimens exhibited mainly transgranular regions. High-dislocation density regions and stacking faults were found in delta-ferrite formed after welding. Besides, thin stacking fault plates and epsilon-martensite were found in the austenitic matrix after the cathodic charging.

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“…Only a few references were found by the present authors focusing on HE of DSS with deleterious phases, more specifically σ phase. [ 20–24 ] Iacoviello et al [ 20 ] mentioned that σ phase promotes high embrittlement at low hydrogen quantities. Váñová et al [ 21 ] compared the resistance with HE of an initial and heat‐treated (5 h at 700 °C) 2205 DSS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Aged 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Containing Brittle Sigma Phase

Fernandes

Claeys

Pinson

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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Duplex stainless steels (DSS) have a two‐phase microstructure of ferrite and austenite which results in a high strength combined with high ductility and good corrosion resistance. However, when DSS are heated to an inappropriate temperature range, e.g., during welding, the brittle sigma phase forms which deteriorates the mechanical properties. In the present work, a heat treatment is performed to intentionally create this deleterious phase. Hydrogen is introduced in this alloy to investigate the combined effect of embrittling phases (sigma phase) and hydrogen. Melt extraction analysis is performed to quantify the hydrogen uptake capacity in the steel. In‐situ mechanical tests are used to assess the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. The uncharged DSS shows a low ductility and almost no hydrogen embrittlement is observed via an in‐situ tensile test set‐up due to its intrinsic brittle nature under tensile mode. Complementary in‐situ bending tests which are more suitable for an intrinsically brittle material are done to further evaluate the role of hydrogen on the mechanical integrity. Hydrogen charging does indeed result in additional embrittlement in the in‐situ bending set‐up. The reason is thought to be the faster initiation, interconnection and propagation of cracks in the presence of hydrogen, as indicated by microstructural characterization.

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Sigma Phase Precipitation and its Influence on Hydrogen Induced Cracking of Duplex Stainless Steel Base Metal and Weld Metal

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of solution annealing temperature on precipitation in 2205 duplex stainless steel

Effect of solution annealing temperature on precipitation in 2205 duplex stainless steel

Effect of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Parameters on Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking of Type 321 Stainless Steel

Evaluating the Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Aged 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Containing Brittle Sigma Phase

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