Signal-Boosted Electrochemical Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Early Point-of-Care Detection of Liver Cancer Biomarker

Abstract

The early diagnosis of cancer in a point-of-need manner is of great significance, yet it remains challenging to achieve the necessary sensitivity and speed. Traditional lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) methods are limited in accuracy and quantification, restricting their suitability for home-based applications. Thus, we explored a new and user-friendly electrochemical LFIA (e-LFIA) test strip to detect α-fetoprotein (AFP), a diagnostic marker for liver cancer. The specific electrochemical immunoprobe utilized in this e-LFIA test strip is characterized by significant signal boosting, resulted from the loading Ag shell into a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-coated dendritic mesoporous silica nanoscaffold (DMSN). Leveraging the distinct electrochemical characteristics of Ag anodic stripping and the high volume-tosurface area ratio of DMSNs, the developed DMSNs/AuNPs@Ag-based e-LFIA test strip is capable of detecting AFP at a low concentration of 0.85 ng/mL within a rapid 20 min timespan, both of these values are smaller than those in current clinical testing. Furthermore, we utilized homemade screen-printed electrodes in this sensing prototype and demonstrated the high versatility and reliability of this e-LFIA device. We envision that this DMSNs/AuNPs@Ag-based e-LFIA holds substantial potential for the early diagnosis of liver cancer and household health monitoring.