Signal-Enhanced Detection of Multiplexed Cardiac Biomarkers by a Paper-Based Fluorogenic Immunodevice Integrated with Zinc Oxide Nanowires

Abstract

Using a single test to comprehensively evaluate multiple cardiac biomarkers for early diagnosis and prevention of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has faced enormous challenges. Here, we have developed paper-based fluorogenic immunodevices for multiplexed detection of three cardiac biomarkers, namely, human heart-type fatty acid binding protein (FABP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and myoglobin, simultaneously. The detection is based on a strategy using zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) to enhance fluorescence signals (∼5-fold compared to that on pure paper). The immunodevices showed high sensitivity and selectivity for FABP, cTnI, and myoglobin with detection limits of 1.36 ng/mL, 1.00 ng/mL, and 2.38 ng/mL, respectively. Additionally, the paper-based immunoassay was rapid (∼5 min to complete the test) and portable (using a homemade chamber with a smartphone and an ultraviolet lamp). The developed devices integrated with ZnO NWs enable quantitative, sensitive, and simultaneous detection of multiple cardiac biomarkers in point-of-care settings, which provides a useful approach for monitoring AMI diseases and may be extended to other medical diagnostics and environmental assessments.

Horseradish peroxidase-triggered direct in situ fluorescent immunoassay platform for sensing cardiac troponin I and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in serum

“…5 C). The detection limit was 0.19 ng/mL, as calculated from 3σ/S, which was superior to those previously reported assay for cTnI detection ( Table S3 ) ( Liu et al, 2016 ; Wu et al, 2010 , 2017 ; Guo et al, 2019 ; Song et al, 2011 ; Dorraj et al, 2015 ; Zuo et al, 2016 ; Tsaloglou et al, 2014 ; Periyakaruppan et al, 2013 ). Comprehensive consideration of performance, cost, and detection time, our method still showed obvious overall advantages compared with other fluorescence-based methods ( Liu et al, 2020 , Liu et al, 2020 , Liu et al, 2020 ; Jarvenpaa et al, 2012 ; Zhao et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2020 , Liu et al, 2020 , Liu et al, 2020 ) ( Table S4 ).…”

Advances in multiplex electrical and optical detection of biomarkers using microfluidic devices

“…Rather than use nanoparticles as labels, Guo et al [ 31 ] enhanced fluorescence signal using ZnO nanowires in a sandwich immunoassay. They formed the nanowires directly on μPADs and attached capturing antibodies to the nanowires.…”

Recent advances in cardiac biomarkers detection: From commercial devices to emerging technologies

“…Go et al have created another paper-based biosensor for the simultaneous and rapid detection of heat-type fatty acid binding protein (FABP), myoglobin and cTnI. This portable fluorescence immunoassay uses zinc oxide nanowires to improve the fluorescence signal and so increase the sensitivity [176]. We can also cite the work of Li et al based on chemiluminescence [177], the paper-based lateral flow assay of Han et al [178], and the technology of Guo's team [179], each of which use paper technology for multiplexed analysis of cardiac biomarkers.…”