Signal Generation at an Electrochemical Immunosensor via the Direct Oxidation of an Electroactive Label

Akram, Mohammad; Stuart, Margaret C.; Wong, Danny K.Y.

doi:10.1002/elan.200503402

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ferrocene is a versatile molecule with important properties, such as high electron density, aromaticity, thermal stability and redox reversibility . Ferrocene has interested a number of scientists and research groups worldwide because of its applications in material science. , Various materials containing ferrocenyl moieties have been prepared in past decades. − Among them, polymers incorporated with ferrocenyl moieties have brought some unusual and attractive characteristics, such as electrochemical, magnetic, catalytic, redoxactive and nonlinear optical properties etc. − Polymers containing ferrocene are superior candidates as redox catalysts in electrochemical assays, due to high chemical stability, decrease in interferences, good antifouling property, and good characteristic electrochemical responses. − Over the last several years, various polymers containing ferrocene moieties have been prepared. Hempenius research group synthesized poly(ferrocenylsilane) polyelectrolyte hydrogels with redox controlled swelling .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18][19][20][21] Polymers containing ferrocene are superior candidates as redox catalysts in electrochemical assays, due to high chemical stability, decrease in interferences, good antifouling property, and good characteristic electrochemical responses. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Over the last several years, various polymers containing ferrocene moieties have been prepared. Hempenius research group synthesized poly(ferrocenylsilane) polyelectrolyte hydrogels with redox controlled swelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

RAFT Polymerization of Styrene Mediated by Ferrocenyl-Containing RAFT Agent and Properties of the Polymer Derived from Ferrocene

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two novel reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents, (ferrocen-1-yl)ethyl benzodithioate (FEB) bearing ferrocenyl moiety in the R group, and benzyl ferrocenecarbodithioxylate (BFEC) bearing ferrocenyl moiety in the Z group, were designed and synthesized, respectively. The FEB and BFEC were then used as the RAFT agents for the controllable polymerization of styrene and their performance in the controllability was investigated respectively. Obtained polystyrenes were labeled as FEB−PS and BFEC−PS respectively. The results indicated that FEB and BFEC could make the polymerization of styrene very controllable, such as, the number-average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography (M n,GPC) increases linearly with the monomer conversion, the M n,GPCs were close to the predicted values (M n,th), the polydispersity index (PDI) values were less than 1.25, and the chain-extension experiments of the obtained polymer with styrene were successfully carried out etc. The UV−vis absorption, electrochemical behavior and the stability in common organic solvents of the polystyrene with ferrocenyl group attached at the chain ends mediated by two RAFT agents, were further investigated. UV−vis absorption spectra of FEB−PS and BFEC−PS showed typical spectrum of ferrocene with a red shift from 440 to 475 nm and 560 nm, respectively. The electrochemical behaviors of FEB−PS and BFEC−PS were similar to that of ferrocene. E 1/2 (E 1/2 = (E p1+ E p2)/2) of FEB−PS was a negative shift, and E 1/2 of BFEC−PS was a large positive shift compared with that of ferrocene. The peak currents of FEB−PS and BFEC−PS gradually dropped with the increase of molecular weight of the polymers. The stability of BFEC−PS and FEB−PS in common organic solvents was in the order of CH2Cl2 > THF > acetone > CHCl3 > DMF. FEB−PS showed better stability than that of BFEC−PS in these solutions. The concentration of the polymers end-capped with ferrocenyl was calculated by the examination of iron contents using atomic absorption spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) measurement, respectively. The results showed that the percentage of polystyrene end-capped with ferrocenyl in BFEC−PS and FEB−PS was about 80% and 70%.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAFT Polymerization of Styrene Mediated by Ferrocenyl-Containing RAFT Agent and Properties of the Polymer Derived from Ferrocene

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such a prepared sensing interface was used for anti-IgG antibody adsorption and sandwich complex formation with IgG and ferrocene-labelled anti-IgG. In another example, Akram and co-workers [49] describe a method of glassy carbon electrode pre-treatment in order to get -COOH groups on its surface to employ carbodiimide reaction to attach a capture antibody specific for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Direct oxidation of ferrocene conjugated to the signal antibody observed using cyclic voltammetry showed a linear change of peak current density in relation to different concentrations of hCG.…”

Section: Sandwich Immunosensors Based On Antibody-electroactive Probementioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical Immunosensors

Kondzior

Grabowska

2020

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Suitable immobilization of a biorecognition element, such as an antigen or antibody, on a transducer surface is essential for development of sensitive and analytically reliable immunosensors. In this review, we report on (1) methods of antibody prefunctionalization using electroactive probes, (2) methods for immobilization of such conjugates on the surfaces of electrodes in electrochemical immunosensor construction and (3) the use of antibody-electroactive probe conjugates as bioreceptors and sensor signal generators. We focus on different strategies of antibody functionalization using the redox active probes ferrocene (Fc), anthraquinone (AQ), thionine (Thi), cobalt(III) bipyridine (Co(bpy)33+), Ru(bpy)32+ and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In addition, new possibilities for antibody functionalization based on bioconjugation techniques are presented. We discuss strategies of specific, quantitative antigen detection based on (i) a sandwich format and (ii) a direct signal generation scheme. Further, the integration of different nanomaterials in the construction of these immunosensors is presented. Lastly, we report the use of a redox probe strategy in multiplexed analyte detection.

show abstract

“…Different transduction strategies have been developed including potentiometry [39, 40], amperometry [41-47], capacitance [48, 49], impedance [50, 51], and field-effect transistor (FET) [52, 53]. Though the size of these sensors is small, almost all of them have to be operated by trained personnel due to the complex procedure involved.…”

Section: Protein Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over-the-Counter Biosensors: Past, Present, and Future

Lee

2008

Sensors

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The demand for specific, low cost, rapid, sensitive and easy detection of biomolecules is huge. A well-known example is the glucose meters used by diabetics to monitor their blood glucose levels. Nowadays, a vast majority of the glucose meters are based on electrochemical biosensor technology. The inherent small size and simple construction of the electrochemical transducer and instrument are ideally suited for point-of-care biosensing. Besides glucose, a wide variety of electrochemical biosensors have been developed for the measurements of some other key metabolites, proteins, and nucleic acids. Nevertheless, unlike the glucose meters, limited success has been achieved for the commercialization of the protein and nucleic acid biosensors. In this review article, key technologies on the electrochemical detection of key metabolites, proteins, and DNAs are discussed in detail, with particular emphasis on those that are compatible to home-use setting. Moreover, emerging technologies of lab-on-a-chip microdevices and nanosensors (i.e., silicon and carbon nanotube field-effect sensors) offer opportunities for the construction of new generation biosensors with much better performances. Together with the continuous innovations in the basic components of biosensors (i.e., transducers, biorecognition molecules, immobilization and signal transduction schemes), consumers could soon buy different kinds of biosensing devices in the pharmacy stores.

show abstract

Signal Generation at an Electrochemical Immunosensor via the Direct Oxidation of an Electroactive Label

Cited by 20 publications

References 45 publications

RAFT Polymerization of Styrene Mediated by Ferrocenyl-Containing RAFT Agent and Properties of the Polymer Derived from Ferrocene

RAFT Polymerization of Styrene Mediated by Ferrocenyl-Containing RAFT Agent and Properties of the Polymer Derived from Ferrocene

Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical Immunosensors

Over-the-Counter Biosensors: Past, Present, and Future

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About