In the actual teaching of English translation, problems such as the disconnection of theory and practice and the insufficient perfection of the teaching system have emerged, which greatly affect the development of practical activities of English translation teaching in colleges and universities. This paper establishes the English translation teaching system based on the CIPP evaluation model, and to ensure the objectivity of the weights of evaluation indexes, the weights of the evaluation indexes are solved by cluster search algorithm, and the process of solving the index weights is optimized by using genetic algorithm. Taking ten universities in the university city of S province as the object of investigation, the corresponding questionnaires are designed to obtain the evaluation data, and the quality of English translation teaching is graded comprehensively evaluated, and analyzed through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results show that: in the process of constructing the English translation teaching system in colleges and universities, the weight value of the teaching objectives reaches 0.2747, and the weight value of the implementation of the teaching links in the teaching process is the highest at 0.0493, and the use of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model can carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of English translation teaching. The English translation teaching system of colleges and universities constructed based on CIPP evaluation model can help colleges and universities to find out the problems of English translation teaching and carry out innovative reforms in a targeted way, to improve the practical power of English translation teaching.