Signal transduction in yeast

Thevelein, Johan M.

doi:10.1002/yea.320101308

Cited by 353 publications

(364 citation statements)

References 241 publications

(244 reference statements)

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“…MATa his3⌬1 on actin depolarization (see above) is similar to that found for the regulation of gene repression/derepression or translation initiation (Thevelein, 1994;Ashe et al, 2000).…”

Section: Glucose Deprivation Elicits a Rapid But Transient Depolarizasupporting

confidence: 69%

“…There are three major pathways responsible for glucose-regulated gene expression in S. cerevisiae: the main glucose repression pathway, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) pathway, and the hexose transporter gene (HXT) induction pathway (Thevelein, 1994;Colombo et al, 1998;Gancedo, 1998;Carlson, 1999;Rolland et al, 2001; Figure 1B). Glucose deprivation also rapidly inhibits translation initiation (Martinez-Pastor and Estruch, 1996;Ashe et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous yet Independent Regulation of Actin Cytoskeletal Organization and Translation Initiation by Glucose inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Uesono

Ashe

Toh‐e

2004

MBoC

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Acute glucose deprivation rapidly but transiently depolarizes the actin cytoskeleton and inhibits translation initiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Neither rapid actin depolarization nor translation inhibition upon glucose removal occurs in a reg1 disruptant, which is defective in glucose repression, or in the tpk1 w mutant, which has weak cAPK activity. In the absence of additional glucose, recovery of either actin polarization or translation initiation relies upon respiration, the Snf1p protein kinase, and the transcription factors Msn2p and Msn4p. The readdition of glucose to glucose-starved cells causes a rapid recovery of actin polarization as well as translation initiation without respiration. These results indicate that the simultaneous regulation of actin polarization and translation initiation is divided into three reactions: 1) rapid shutdown depending on Reg1p and cAPK after glucose removal, 2) slow adaptation depending on Snf1p and Msn2p/4p in the absence of glucose, and 3) rapid recovery upon readdition of glucose. On glucose removal, translation initiation is rapidly inhibited in a rom2 disruptant, which is defective in rapid actin depolarization, whereas rapid actin depolarization occurs in a pop2/caf1 disruptant, which is defective in rapid inhibition of translation initiation. Thus, translation initiation and actin polarization seem to be simultaneously but independently regulated by glucose deprivation. INTRODUCTIONThe actin cytoskeleton provides the structural basis for cell polarity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is organized primarily into two morphologically distinct structures: cortical patches and cables (Botstein et al., 1997). Cortical patches are discrete cytoskeletal bodies at the plasma membrane, whereas actin cables are long bundles of actin filaments that are oriented along the mother-bud axis. Both structures are polarized during the budding phase of the cell cycle. During early G1 phase, cortical patches and cables are randomly distributed. As a bud emerges, cortical patches cluster at the growing tip and cables extend from the mother cell into the bud. Near the end of bud growth, the patches and cables redistribute randomly, disrupting the asymmetric distribution of the actin cytoskeleton. At the end of mitosis, patches accumulate in and cables reorient toward the mother-bud neck in connection with cytokinesis and septum formation (Botstein et al., 1997).The actin cytoskeleton is also regulated in response to environmental stimuli. Mating pheromone causes polarization of the actin cytoskeleton toward the tip of the mating projection via the Cdc42p GTPase (Read et al., 1992;Leberer et al., 1997). In contrast, stresses such as osmotic shock, heat shock, and glucose starvation depolarize the actin cytoskeleton in budded cells as shown in Figure 1A (Novick et al., 1989;Chowdhury et al., 1992;Delley and Hall, 1999). In particular, the depolarization by heat or osmotic stress is known to be a rapid and transient reaction. A recent report has indicated that the rapid depol...

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“…MATa his3⌬1 on actin depolarization (see above) is similar to that found for the regulation of gene repression/derepression or translation initiation (Thevelein, 1994;Ashe et al, 2000).…”

Section: Glucose Deprivation Elicits a Rapid But Transient Depolarizasupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous yet Independent Regulation of Actin Cytoskeletal Organization and Translation Initiation by Glucose inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Uesono

Ashe

Toh‐e

2004

MBoC

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“…Subsequently, Sch9 was reported to be essential for the proper nutritional regulation of PKA-dependent phenotypes in glucose-repressed cells, such as the activation of trehalase, the repression of stress response genes and the induction of ribosomal protein genes (Crauwels et al 1997a). These findings led to the concept of the socalled Fermentable Growth Medium (FGM) pathway that is believed to ensure the maintenance of PKA-dependent phenotypes of yeast cells growing on medium containing a rapidly fermented sugar and all essential nutrients, after the transient activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway that occurs during lag phase when cells prepare themselves for fermentative growth (Thevelein 1994;Crauwels et al 1997a). As the FGM pathway appeared to operate independent of cAMP, it was postulated that Sch9 could control the activity of PKA at the level of the free catalytic Tpk subunits (Thevelein 1994;Crauwels et al 1997a).…”

Section: The Protein Kinase Sch9mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings led to the concept of the socalled Fermentable Growth Medium (FGM) pathway that is believed to ensure the maintenance of PKA-dependent phenotypes of yeast cells growing on medium containing a rapidly fermented sugar and all essential nutrients, after the transient activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway that occurs during lag phase when cells prepare themselves for fermentative growth (Thevelein 1994;Crauwels et al 1997a). As the FGM pathway appeared to operate independent of cAMP, it was postulated that Sch9 could control the activity of PKA at the level of the free catalytic Tpk subunits (Thevelein 1994;Crauwels et al 1997a). More recently, however, it was found that PKA and Sch9 act in parallel .…”

Section: The Protein Kinase Sch9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Life in the midst of scarcity: adaptations to nutrient availability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

et al. 2010

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Cells of all living organisms contain complex signal transduction networks to ensure that a wide range of physiological properties are properly adapted to the environmental conditions. The fundamental concepts and individual building blocks of these signalling networks are generally well-conserved from yeast to man; yet, the central role that growth factors and hormones play in the regulation of signalling cascades in higher eukaryotes is executed by nutrients in yeast. Several nutrient-controlled pathways, which regulate cell growth and proliferation, metabolism and stress resistance, have been defined in yeast. These pathways are integrated into a signalling network, which ensures that yeast cells enter a quiescent, resting phase (G 0 ) to survive periods of nutrient scarceness and that they rapidly resume growth and cell proliferation when nutrient conditions become favourable again. A series of well-conserved nutrient-sensory protein kinases perform key roles in this signalling network: i.e. Snf1, PKA, Tor1 and Tor2, Sch9 and Pho85-Pho80. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current understanding of the signalling processes mediated via these kinases with a particular focus on how these individual pathways converge to signalling networks that ultimately ensure the dynamic translation of extracellular nutrient signals into appropriate physiological responses.

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“…This information provides a strong background for studies to characterize phosphoinositide metabolism. Yeast cells contain many of the components known to be involved in mammalian phosphoinositide metabolism, including PIP 2 , IP 3 , DAG, phospholipase C, protein kinase C (PKC), calmodulin and Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (Thevelein, 1994). As in mammalian cells, breakdown of PIP 2 and an increase in IP 3 and DAG occur in response to at least one extracellular signal: nitrogen (Schomerus and Kuntzel, 1992 gene (which encodes PKC) are essential for yeast cell proliferation (Uno et al, 1988;Levin and BartlettHeubusch, 1992;Flick and Thorner, 1993;Payne and Fitzgerald-Hayes, 1993;Yoko-o et al, 1993;Estevez et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of inositol monophosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Murray

Greenberg

1997

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryInositol monophosphatase is a key enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis of inositol and in the phosphoinositide second-messenger signalling pathway. Inhibition of this enzyme is a proposed mechanism for lithium's pharmacological action in bipolar illness (manic depression). Very little is known about how expression of this enzyme is regulated. Because the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been shown to be an excellent model system in which to understand the regulation of inositol metabolism, we characterized inositol monophosphatase in this yeast. Lithium inhibited monophosphatase activity in vitro. Growth in the presence of inositol resulted in increased expression of the enzyme in vivo, although inositol had no effect on enzyme activity in vitro. The inositol effect was apparent when cells were grown in glucose but not in glycerol/ethanol. Monophosphatase activity was derepressed as cells entered stationary phase. This effect was apparent only during growth in glucose plus inositol. The results demonstrate that S. cerevisiae monophosphatase is inhibited by lithium and regulated by factors affecting phospholipid biosynthesis.

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Signal transduction in yeast

Cited by 353 publications

References 241 publications

Simultaneous yet Independent Regulation of Actin Cytoskeletal Organization and Translation Initiation by Glucose inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Simultaneous yet Independent Regulation of Actin Cytoskeletal Organization and Translation Initiation by Glucose inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Life in the midst of scarcity: adaptations to nutrient availability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Regulation of inositol monophosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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