Signaling and Detoxification Strategies in Plant-Microbes Symbiosis under Heavy Metal Stress: A Mechanistic Understanding

Abstract

Plants typically interact with a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and other organisms, in their above- and below-ground parts. In the biosphere, the interactions of plants with diverse microbes enable them to acquire a wide range of symbiotic advantages, resulting in enhanced plant growth and development and stress tolerance to toxic metals (TMs). Recent studies have shown that certain microorganisms can reduce the accumulation of TMs in plants through various mechanisms and can reduce the bioavailability of TMs in soil. However, relevant progress is lacking in summarization. This review mechanistically summarizes the common mediating pathways, detoxification strategies, and homeostatic mechanisms based on the research progress of the joint prevention and control of TMs by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-plant and Rhizobium-plant interactions. Given the importance of tripartite mutualism in the plant-microbe system, it is necessary to further explore key signaling molecules to understand the role of plant-microbe mutualism in improving plant tolerance under heavy metal stress in the contaminated soil environments. It is hoped that our findings will be useful in studying plant stress tolerance under a broad range of environmental conditions and will help in developing new technologies for ensuring crop health and performance in future.

Utilization of Yeasts in Promoting Plant Growth in Acidic Soil – A Review

“…Advances in understanding the composition and dynamics of rhizosphere microbiomes reveal that plants exert an influence on the microbiome, likely through root exudates, and bacteria have adapted to thrive in the rhizosphere niche. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions and the activities driving changes in the microbiome remain largely unknown (Kuzyakov & Xu, 2013;Liu et al, 2022).…”

“…The interactions between plants and soil-dwelling organisms span a wide range of ecological possibilities, including competitive, exploitative, neutral, commensal, and mutualistic relationships. In contemporary plant science, the majority of research has focused on mitigating pathogenic impacts, such as herbivore and infection, or alleviating abiotic stress conditions (Liu et al, 2022;Lynd et al, 2002). However, there has also been a longstanding interest in understanding the beneficial ecological interactions that support plant development.…”

Recent progress on the microbial mitigation of heavy metal stress in soybean: overview and implications

“…This growth enhancement pathway works when the plant is under stress. In addition, the direct method also provides increased accumulation of phytohormones to enhance the biological process of the plant as well as increase stress tolerance in plants ( Liu et al., 2023 ; Zhou et al., 2023 ). In direct microbial-assisted growth, the enhancement pathway is followed by the induction of systemic resistance (ISR).…”

Features of phytoextraction of rare earth elements by a complex of plants and microorganisms from technogenically polluted wastewater of mining enterprises

“…The direct effect of symbionts on plant growth and development is associated with the fact that they are able to increase the availability of mineral nutrition elements for plants, enhance the formation of metabolites with hormonal and signaling functions (auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins), etc., as well as reduce the impact of pathogens on plants microorganisms [6][7][8]. According to the literature, microorganisms, in addition to the ability to increase the mobility of metals in the soil, are also capable of increasing the content of metals in plants by increasing plant biomass and activating the mobility of elements [9][10].…”