Signaling pathway and structural features of macrophage-activating pectic polysaccharide from Korean citrus, Cheongkyool peels

Park, Hye-Ryung; Lee, Sue Jung; Im, Subin; Shin, Myoung‐Sook; Choi, Hyun‐Jung; Park, Ho-Young; Shin, Kwang‐Soon

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.012

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As such, LPS was used as a positive control that can induce DC maturation in vitro. In addition, green tangerine polysaccharide (GTP), known to enhance the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and nitric oxide (NO) in macrophage cell lines, was used as a positive control of immune-boosting food-derived polysaccharides [ 18 ]. CPP treatment up to 1000 μg/mL caused no significant cytotoxic effect in the BMDCs, whereas 100–200 μg/mL of GTP reduced cell viability ( Figure 1 a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carrot Pomace Polysaccharide (CPP) Improves Influenza Vaccine Efficacy in Immunosuppressed Mice via Dendritic Cell Activation

et al. 2020

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Despite the advancements in vaccination research and practices, influenza viruses remain a global health concern. Inducing a robust immune response by vaccination is especially challenging in the elderly, the immunocompromised, and persons with chronic illnesses. Polysaccharides derived from food may act as a safe and readily accessible means to boost the immune system during vaccination. In this study, we investigated whether crude polysaccharides derived from carrot pomace (CPP) could stimulate innate immune cell function and promote influenza vaccine immunogenicity. In bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), CPP increased the fraction of CD11c+MHCII+ cells and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD80, indicative of enhanced maturation and activation. Functionally, CPP-treated BMDCs promoted inflammatory cytokine production in splenic lymphocytes. In a mouse model of immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide, animals given CPP before and after an influenza vaccine challenge showed increased frequencies of dendritic cells and natural killer cells in the spleen, in addition to the recovery of vaccine-specific antibody titers. Moreover, innate myeloid cells in CPP-fed mice showed evidence of phenotypic modification via markedly enhanced interleukin(IL)-12 and interferon(IFN)-γ production in response to lipopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulation ex vivo. Our findings suggest that the administration of carrot pomace polysaccharides can significantly enhance the efficacy of influenza vaccination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bone marrow cells were obtained from the femur of 6 to 10 week old female C57BL/6 mice and differentiated to dendritic cells as previously described [ 18 ]. Briefly, bone marrow cells were cultured in RPMI medium containing 10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 50 μM 2-Mercaptoethanol, and 20 ng/mL GM-CSF for 3 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrot Pomace Polysaccharide (CPP) Improves Influenza Vaccine Efficacy in Immunosuppressed Mice via Dendritic Cell Activation

et al. 2020

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“…This would result in priming or training of these cells, which, after recirculation to the respiratory tract, alters local responsiveness to a respiratory infection. RG-I pectins have been shown to interact with TLR [15,27,44] and trained immunity was provided as an explanation in the immunocompromised mouse study where a preparation similar to cRG-I was found to enhance innate immunity and increase the efficacy of an influenza vaccine [30]. Secondly, it was shown that cRG-I is fermented in the lower GIT, affecting the composition and function of the gut microbiota [29] which are crucial factors modulating immune responses to vaccines [12] and infections, for example, by generating biologically active metabolites such as short chain fatty acids [14,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dietary Intake of Carrot-Derived Rhamnogalacturonan-I Accelerates and Augments the Innate Immune and Anti-Viral Interferon Response to Rhinovirus Infection and Reduces Duration and Severity of Symptoms in Humans in a Randomized Trial

et al. 2021

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Acute respiratory infections are an important health concern. Traditionally, polysaccharide-enriched extracts from plants, containing immunomodulatory rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-1), were used prophylactically. We established the effects of dietary supplementation with carrot-derived RG-I (cRG-I, 0–0.3–1.5 g/day) in 177 healthy individuals (18–65 years) on symptoms following infection with rhinovirus strain 16 (RV16). Primary outcomes were changes in severity and duration of symptoms, and viral load in nasal lavage. Secondary outcomes were changes in innate immune and anti-viral responses, reflected by CXCL10 and CXCL8 levels and cell differentials in nasal lavage. In a nested cohort, exploratory transcriptome analysis was conducted on nasal epithelium. Intake of cRG-I was safe, well-tolerated and accelerated local cellular and humoral innate immune responses induced by RV16 infection, with the strongest effects at 1.5 g/d. At 0.3 g/d, a faster interferon-induced response, induction of the key anti-viral gene EIF2AK2, faster viral clearance, and reduced symptom severity (−20%) and duration (−25%) were observed. Anti-viral responses, viral clearance and symptom scores at 1.5 g/d were in between those of 0 and 0.3 g/d, suggesting a negative feedback loop preventing excessive interferon responses. Dietary intake of cRG-I accelerated innate immune and antiviral responses, and reduced symptoms of an acute respiratory viral infection.

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“…Methyl-esterification of pectic polysaccharides has been shown to increase TLR4/MyD88 signaling leading to an increased inflammatory response [116]. Another RG-I isolated from peels of the Korean green citrus fruit, Cheongkyool (CCE-I), was shown to activate p65 (NF-κB) nuclear translocation, and activate MAPKs, leading to the production of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-6, in RAW 264.7 macrophages [117]. Using various receptor neutralizing antibodies, the authors determined that CCE-I activated RAW 264.7 macrophages mostly through interactions with SRs [117].…”

Section: Nag Polysaccharide Classes and Their Immunomodulatory Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another RG-I isolated from peels of the Korean green citrus fruit, Cheongkyool (CCE-I), was shown to activate p65 (NF-κB) nuclear translocation, and activate MAPKs, leading to the production of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-6, in RAW 264.7 macrophages [117]. Using various receptor neutralizing antibodies, the authors determined that CCE-I activated RAW 264.7 macrophages mostly through interactions with SRs [117]. The literature cited implies a possible TLR/SR dependent activation of NF-κB and MAPK (p38) for RG-I polysaccharides isolated from NAG.…”

Section: Nag Polysaccharide Classes and Their Immunomodulatory Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panax quinquefolius (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions

2020

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Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng, NAG) is a popular medicinal plant used widely in traditional medicine. NAG products are currently available in various forms such as roots, extracts, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, energy drinks, etc. NAG polysaccharides are recognized as one of the major bioactive ingredients. However, most NAG reviews are focused on ginsenosides with little information on polysaccharides. NAG polysaccharides have demonstrated a therapeutic activity in numerous studies, in which many of the bioactivities involve regulation of the immune response. The purpose of this review is to summarize the structural features and the immunomodulatory properties of crude, partially purified, and pure polysaccharides isolated from NAG. Receptors of the innate immune system that potentially bind to NAG polysaccharides and the respective signal transduction pathways initiated by these compounds are discussed. Major challenges, recent innovations, and future directions in NAG polysaccharide research are also summarized.

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Signaling pathway and structural features of macrophage-activating pectic polysaccharide from Korean citrus, Cheongkyool peels

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Carrot Pomace Polysaccharide (CPP) Improves Influenza Vaccine Efficacy in Immunosuppressed Mice via Dendritic Cell Activation

Carrot Pomace Polysaccharide (CPP) Improves Influenza Vaccine Efficacy in Immunosuppressed Mice via Dendritic Cell Activation

The Dietary Intake of Carrot-Derived Rhamnogalacturonan-I Accelerates and Augments the Innate Immune and Anti-Viral Interferon Response to Rhinovirus Infection and Reduces Duration and Severity of Symptoms in Humans in a Randomized Trial

Panax quinquefolius (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions

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