“…In addition to rapidly expanding pollen tubes, tip growth, which is limited to the apical dome of the cell, has correspondingly been documented for several other cell types of diverse plant species, namely root hairs (Jones & Dolan, 2012; Mendrinna & Persson, 2015), moss protonemata (caulonema and chloronema) (Menand, Calder, & Dolan, 2007; Prigge & Bezanilla, 2010; Vidali & Bezanilla, 2012), fern rhizoids (Bushart & Roux, 2007; Cooke & Racusen, 1986; Jones & Dolan, 2012), algal rhizoids (Hable, 2014; Hable, 2018; Hable & Hart, 2010), and additionally for hyphae of filamentous fungi (Riquelme et al, 2018; Takeshita, 2016). It is well known that the polarized growth process of these cells requires a highly specialized subcellular organization with similar functional characteristics that act in concert (Bascom, Hepler, & Bezanilla, 2018; Hable & Hart, 2010; Hepler & Winship, 2015; Scholz, Anstatt, Krawczyk, & Ischebeck, 2020; Stephan, 2017). Their cytoplasmic organization has related requirements, such as a specialized dynamic cytoskeleton which comprises prominent distinct features particularly in the cellular tube tip: Longitudinally oriented massive actin bundles and actin patches in the tube shank region.…”