Signals and Signal Processing for the Electrophysiologist

Venkatachalam, K; Herbrandson, Joel E.; Asirvatham, Samuel J.

doi:10.1161/circep.111.964304

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1 If the amplifiers were ideal, they would be able to reject any coupled interference as long as it was equally coupled to both inputs; however, at high gain settings, even if a catheter is only partially in a sheath or is not even in the body, unequally coupled electric interference from pacing spikes (which have substantial high-frequency energy and are easily capacitively coupled to nearby electrodes) can mimic real signals at the pacing rate ( Figure 4A), especially after filtering smoothes out the interference and makes it look like a real far-field signal ( Figure 4B). This is because the catheter itself acts like an antenna and is connected to the inputs of its own amplifier, amplifying any information provided to its inputs.…”

Section: Phantom Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signals and Signal Processing for the Electrophysiologist

Venkatachalam

Herbrandson

Asirvatham

2011

Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

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Section: Phantom Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signals and Signal Processing for the Electrophysiologist

Venkatachalam

Herbrandson

Asirvatham

2011

Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

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“…Symptoms are sudden high fever, fatigue, muscle aches and headaches. When the patient isn't responding to Lyme disease, doctors must consider Erhlichia and Anaplasmosis), Mycoplasma, Tularemia, and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Other examples of co-infections) [41][42][43][44][45][46].…”

Section: Lyme Disease's Transmission and Co-infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using new non-invasive quick method to detect Borrelia Burgdorferi (B.B.) infection from specific parts of the heart in “seemingly normal” ECGs, and from the ECGs of Atrial Fibrillation (AF), a majority of AF ECGs are found to have: 1) Significant B.B. infection, 2) Markedly increased ANP, 3) Increased Cardiac Troponin I & 4) Markedly reduced Taurine. These 4 factors were mainly localized at infected areas of the SA node area, R-&L-Atria & pulmonary veins at the L-atrium

Omura¹,

Lu²,

Jones³

et al. 2016

acupunct electrother res

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Lyme disease is found in a majority of people we tested. Once Borrelia Burgdorferi (B.B.) spirochete enters human body, it not only causes pain by infecting joints, but it also often enters the brain and the heart. Infection of brain can be quickly detected from the pupil and infection of the heart by ECGs non-298 OMURA, Y.; LU, d.; JONES, M.; NIHRANE, A.; dUVVI, H.; dARIO, Y.; SHIMOTSUURA, Y.; OHkI, M. 2 ABSTRACT Lyme disease is found in a majority of people we tested. Once Borrelia Burgdorferi (B.B.) spirochete enters human body, it not only causes pain by infecting joints, but it also often enters the brain and the heart. Infection of brain can be quickly detected from the pupil and infection of the heart by ECGs noninvasively. By evaluating recorded ECGs of atrial fibrillation (AF), using U.S. patented non-invasive highly sensitive electromagnetic field (EMF) resonance phenomenon between 2 identical molecules or between a molecule and its antibody, we examined 25 different AF patients' ECGs and found the majority of them suffer from various degrees of B.B. spirochete infection in SA node areas, also in the right & left atria, and pulmonary vein near and around its junction at left atrium & lesser degrees of infection at the AV node & His Bundle. When B.B. infection reaches over 224~600ng or higher at these areas, AF often appears in the majority of all AF analyzed. In order to develop AF, the 4 abnormal factors must be present simultaneously: 1) B.B. infection must be increased to 224~600ng or higher, 2) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) must be markedly reduced from normal value of less than 4ng to over 100~400ng, 3) A significant increase of Cardiac Troponin I from normal value of less than 3ng to over 12ng and 4) Taurine must also be markedly reduced from normal value of 4~6ng to 0.25ng. These 4 changes were mainly found only at infected sites of the SA node area, both atria and between the end of the T wave & the beginning of the SA node area, which corresponds to U waves at recorded ECG. Origin of the U wave is mainly due to abnormal electrical potential of pulmonary vein at L-atrium. If all 4 factors do not occur at the infection site, no AF will develop. In seemingly normal ECGs, if using this method, one can detect invisible B.B. infection in early stages. Long before AF appears, AF can be prevented by improved treatment with Amoxicillin 500ng 3 times/day + Taurine 175mg x3 times/day, with or without EPA 180mg & DHA 120mg, to avoid serious current limitations in the use of Doxycycline 100mg 2 times/day, for 4 weeks.

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“…Temporal filtering, applied on a pixelby-pixel basis, offers numerous versatile strategies for noise reduction by removing portions of a signal spectrum contributing to noise (44). These strategies are not exclusive to optical mapping data and can be applied universally to other experimental data.…”

Section: Signal Processing Of Optical Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%