“…The population genetics of many aquatic and terrestrial plant and animal species occupying post‐glacial landscapes exhibit well‐documented spatial gradients in which concentrations of high genetic diversity in refugial (unglaciated) portions of species’ ranges gradually transition to areas of lower genetic diversity in more recently colonized, recently deglaciated portions of species’ ranges (Elderkin, Christhian, Vaughn, Metcalfe‐Smith, & Berg, 2007; Garner et al, 2004; Hewitt, 2000; Hewitt, Bergner, Woolnough, & Zanatta, 2018; Hoban et al, 2010; Mathias, Hoffman, Wilson, & Zanatta, 2018). Biogeographical patterns among most native aquatic species occupying the Great Lakes indicate that, after glaciers retreated in the Late Pleistocene, the lakes were colonized in a generally upstream‐to‐downstream or west‐to‐east direction from the upper Mississippi River basin (Bailey & Smith, 1981; Hewitt et al, 2018; Mandrak & Crossman, 1992; Mathias et al, 2018). Although hydrologic connections among lakes varied through time, the Niagara River is hypothesized to have been the principal dispersal corridor between lakes Erie and Ontario since early in their deglaciated history (Calkin & Feenstra, 1985), thus we predicted that an influence of these historical demographic processes might be detected in fish populations upstream from Niagara Falls having higher genetic diversity.…”