Significado Cultural De La Menstruación en Mujeres Españolas

Botello-Hermosa, Alicia; Mejía, Rosa Casado

doi:10.4067/s0717-95532017000300089

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Consistently with previous evidence [ 13 , 70 , 71 ], menstrual-related taboo, embarrassment and experiences of stigma and discrimination were significantly common among women and PWM in our sample. Being employed or studying were risk factors to report menstrual-related taboo and embarrassment, which links to the challenges of managing menstruation in workplaces [ 26 ] and educational [ 72 ] settings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Menstruation and social inequities in Spain: a cross-sectional online survey-based study

Medina-Perucha

López-Jiménez

Jacques-Aviñó

et al. 2023

Int J Equity Health

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Background Available research suggests that menstrual inequity has an impact on (menstrual) health outcomes and emotional wellbeing. It is also a significant barrier to achieve social and gender equity and compromises human rights and social justice. The aim of this study was to describe menstrual inequities and their associations with sociodemographic factors, among women and people who menstruate (PWM) aged 18–55 in Spain. Methods A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in Spain between March and July 2021. Descriptive statistical analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were performed. Results A total of 22,823 women and PWM were included in the analyses (Mean age = 33.2, SD = 8.7). Over half of the participants had accessed healthcare services for menstruation (61.9%). The odds for accessing menstrual-related services were significantly higher among participants with university education (aOR: 1.48, 95% CI, 1.13–1.95). Also, 57.8% reported having had partial or no menstrual education pre-menarche, with odds being higher among participants born in non-European or Latin American countries (aOR: 0.58, 95% CI, 0.36–0.93). Lifetime self-reported menstrual poverty was between 22.2–39.9%. Main risk factors for menstrual poverty were identifying as non-binary (aOR: 1.67, 95% CI, 1.32–2.11), being born in non-European or Latin American countries (aOR: 2.74, 95% CI, 1.77–4.24), and not having a permit to reside in Spain (aOR: 4.27, 95% CI, 1.94–9.38). Completed university education (aOR: 0.61, 95% CI, 0.44–0.84) and no financial hardship < 12 months (aOR: 0.06, 95% CI, 0.06–0.07) were protective factors for menstrual poverty. Besides, 75.2% reported having overused menstrual products due to lack of access to adequate menstrual management facilities. Menstrual-related discrimination was reported by 44.5% of the participants. Non-binary participants (aOR: 1.88, 95% CI, 1.52–2.33) and those who did not have a permit to reside in Spain (aOR: 2.11, 95% CI, 1.10-4.03) had higher odds of reporting menstrual-related discrimination. Work and education absenteeism were reported by 20.3% and 62.7% of the participants, respectively. Conclusions Our study suggests that menstrual inequities affect a high number of women and PWM in Spain, especially those more socioeconomically deprived, vulnerabilised migrant populations and non-binary and trans menstruators. Findings from this study can be valuable to inform future research and menstrual inequity policies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Menstruation and social inequities in Spain: a cross-sectional online survey-based study

Medina-Perucha

López-Jiménez

Jacques-Aviñó

et al. 2023

Int J Equity Health

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“…Among our participants, menstrual education appear to be gained mostly through social networks and self-learning. Although social learnings can strengthen agency among women and PWM, they could also lead to misconceptions around the menstrual cycle and menstruation [ 21 ]. It thus appears necessary to promote menstrual education in formal, such as schools or healthcare services, and informal settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stigma, shame, taboo and misconceptions around the menstrual cycle and menstruation are prevalent in many cultures [ 14 ]. Menstruation is surrounded by negativity, mystery, and ideas of dirtiness [ 21 ] and embarrassment [ 31 ]. One of the reasons for menstrual concealment and some taboos to prevail is because menstrual education is usually through families [ 13 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Menstruation is surrounded by negativity, mystery, and ideas of dirtiness [ 21 ] and embarrassment [ 31 ]. One of the reasons for menstrual concealment and some taboos to prevail is because menstrual education is usually through families [ 13 , 21 , 22 ]. Even if community-based education should be promoted, the population should have better access to accurate menstruation-related information and knowledge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiences of menstrual inequity and menstrual health among women and people who menstruate in the Barcelona area (Spain): a qualitative study

et al. 2022

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Introduction Menstrual health and menstrual inequity have been neglected in social, economic, healthcare and political spheres. Although available evidence is scarce, it already suggests a link between experiencing menstrual inequity (which refers to the systematic disparities in accessing menstrual health and education, menstrual products and spaces for menstrual management, among other aspects) and menstrual health outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of menstrual health and menstrual inequity among women and people who menstruate aged 18–55 in Barcelona and surrounding areas (Spain). Methods A qualitative study, using a critical feminist perspective, was conducted. Sampling was purposeful and selective. Recruitment was through sexual and reproductive health centres, social media and snowball sampling techniques. Thirty-four semi-structured photo-elicitation interviews were conducted between December 2020 and February 2021. Interviews took place in sexual and reproductive health centres, public spaces, and by telephone. Data were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Results Three themes were identified: “Systemic neglect of menstruation and the menstrual cycle”, “When “the private” becomes public: menstrual management” and “Navigating menstrual health: between medicalization and agency”. Experiences of menstrual inequity appeared to be widespread among participants. They referred to the impact of having to conceal menstruation and the barriers to managing menstruation in public spaces. Choosing menstrual products was often influenced by price and availability; several participants reported menstrual poverty. A general lack of menstrual education was described. Menstrual education was usually gained through personal experience and self-learnings, or through families and friends. Menstruation and the menstrual cycle had a significant impact on participants’ day-to-day. Accessing and navigating the healthcare system was challenging, as participants mostly reported feeling dismissed and almost exclusively offered hormonal contraception as a panacea to address menstrual health. Conclusions The impact of menstrual inequity appears to be far-reaching. Multidimensional structural policies should promote agency in individuals and communities to enable opportunities for menstrual education, access to menstrual products, healthcare services and adequate menstrual-management facilities. Health professionals’ training is also necessary to improve access to and quality of menstrual healthcare. Policies need to be inclusive of non-binary and trans people, and vulnerable populations.

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“…This concealment is evident in colloquial language, manifested through the prevalence of metaphors employed to describe the menstrual cycle [1], coupled with feelings of insecurity [2][3][4]. Consequently, a considerable number of adolescents and women currently encounter menstruation with a sense of embarrassment, limited understanding, and a tendency towards silence [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions, Beliefs, and Experiences about the Menstrual Cycle and Menstruation among Young Women: A Qualitative Approach

Botello-Hermosa,

González-Cano-Caballero,

Guerra-Martín

et al. 2024

Healthcare

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The experience of menstruation is often associated with negative connotations and gender stereotypes, which results in making it invisible. This research aimed to explore the perceptions, beliefs, and knowledge of young Spanish women regarding the menstrual cycle and menstruation and their impact on their lives. The study delves into their understanding, menstrual management practices, the types of menstrual products employed, and their experiences related to menstrual health. Qualitative methodology was used with discussion groups as a data collection technique. The participants comprised 45 young Spanish women, aged between 18 and 23, hailing from both rural and urban areas. The majority were university students, with some engaged in part-time work, and one participant working full-time. While many experienced menstrual pain ranging from mild to debilitating, a normalization of this pain often led them to forego seeking specialist assistance. Disposable menstrual products (DMPs) are the most used by participants, despite limited awareness of their absorption capacity. Regarding reusable menstrual products (RMPs), menstrual cup users emphasized comfort but expressed a need for proper training. Negative menstruation experiences could evoke fear and difficulties, underscoring the importance of providing comprehensive menstrual health education encompassing both theoretical and practical components.

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Significado Cultural De La Menstruación en Mujeres Españolas

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Menstruation and social inequities in Spain: a cross-sectional online survey-based study

Menstruation and social inequities in Spain: a cross-sectional online survey-based study

Experiences of menstrual inequity and menstrual health among women and people who menstruate in the Barcelona area (Spain): a qualitative study

Perceptions, Beliefs, and Experiences about the Menstrual Cycle and Menstruation among Young Women: A Qualitative Approach

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