Significance and estimation of oxygen mass transfer coefficient in simulated waste stabilization pond

Chaturvedi, Manoj Kumar; Langote, Shyamsunder D.; Kumar, Dinesh; Asolekar, Shyam R.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.039

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For the short‐term wind, the empirical formula of Wanninkhof [] was used,

k_{w} = 0.31 U^{2} {false(S c / 660 false)}^{- 0.5},

where U is the wind speed (m s −1 ) at a height of 10 m above the sea surface, which was assumed to be equal to the buoy wind data. Sc is the Schmidt number, which is expressed as function of temperature (T) and salinity (S) [ Chaturvedi et al ., ; Wanninkhof , ] according to,

S c = S c_{0} (1 + 3.14 \times 10^{- 3} S),

where

S c_{0} = 1800.6 - 120.1 \times T + 3.7818 \times T^{2} - 0.047608 \times T^{3} .

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real‐time monitoring of nutrients in the Changjiang Estuary reveals short‐term nutrient‐algal bloom dynamics

Wang

Chen

et al. 2017

JGR Oceans

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The Changjiang Estuary is a large‐river estuary ecosystem in the East China Sea, and its plume, the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW), transports a large mass of nutrients ( NO3– + NO2–, PO43–, SiO32–) to the shelf sea, leading to substantial eutrophication; the CDW also supports high primary production. However, relationships between nutrient delivery and phytoplankton responses have been difficult to establish, as many nutrient delivery events and algal blooms are episodic, and the CDW may expand or become detached with changing winds. To study the relationship between nutrient delivery events, algal blooms and estuarine metabolism dynamics, a buoy system was deployed in the CDW from 9 September to 10 October 2013, with measurements of chlorophyll a and dissolved nutrients. Day‐to‐day nutrient increases covaried with salinity decreases, regulated by both the spring‐neap tidal cycle and wind events. Several specific nutrient injection periods were detected, each followed by nutrient drawdown and chlorophyll a accumulation (algal blooms). Each algal bloom had its own unique pattern of nutrient uptake based on change in nutrient ratios (ΔN:ΔP; ΔN:ΔSi) and appeared to be dominated by different algal groups. These events occurred under weak wind and stable hydrodynamic conditions. Ecosystem metabolism based on net community production (NCP) showed that the upper estuarine ecosystem was autotrophic when chlorophyll a accumulated, but heterotrophic when wind‐induced mixing strengthened, and upwelling brought organic‐rich water to the near surface. In spite of several short‐lived algal blooms, the average NCPdaily was negative during the observation period, indicating a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere.

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“…For the short‐term wind, the empirical formula of Wanninkhof [] was used,

k_{w} = 0.31 U^{2} {false(S c / 660 false)}^{- 0.5},

S c = S c_{0} (1 + 3.14 \times 10^{- 3} S),

where

S c_{0} = 1800.6 - 120.1 \times T + 3.7818 \times T^{2} - 0.047608 \times T^{3} .

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where U is the wind speed (m s 21 ) at a height of 10 m above the sea surface, which was assumed to be equal to the buoy wind data. Sc is the Schmidt number, which is expressed as function of temperature (T) and salinity (S) [Chaturvedi et al, 2014;Wanninkhof, 1992] according to, Sc5Sc 0 ð113:14310 23 SÞ;…”

Section: Air-sea O 2 Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time monitoring of nutrients in the Changjiang Estuary reveals short‐term nutrient‐algal bloom dynamics

Wang

Chen

et al. 2017

JGR Oceans

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“…The direct administration of partially treated or untreated municipal sewage into surface water has deteriorated the water quality of the major rivers of India (Kumar et al 2011;Chaturvedi et al 2014;Kumar et al 2015). Also, Semhi et al (2014) reported that the distribution of certain heavy metals was more available in sewage than in mining zone, justifying the hazards of direct disposal of sewage into the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sewage-fed aquaculture: a sustainable approach for wastewater treatment and reuse

Kumar

Chaturvedi

Sharma

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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This study assesses the long-term sustainability for operation and maintenance (O&M) of sewage-fed aquaculture-based sewage treatment system. The study focused on the integrated assessment of an engineered pond system of 8 million liters per day capacity in the city of Karnal, the State of Haryana, northern India. Major areas during the assessment included health, environmental, societal and institutional views aspects as well as the quality of treated effluent subjected for reuse. The treatment facility met the Indian regulatory standards (downstream reuse and discharge into the legally permitted water bodies) in terms of physical-chemical parameters. The total coliform and faecal coliform removal were up to 2-3 log units; nevertheless, it was not capable to come across the bacterial count requirement (<1,000 per 100 mL to minimise human health risk in aquaculture practices). The system was able to generate sufficient net income required for routine O&M. Annual revenue collected by the Municipal Corporation from the lease of the facility as well as selling of treated wastewater was $3,077 and $16,667-$25,000, respectively. The additional benefit from the facility for the farmers included the saving of fertilizers and cheapest source of water available for irrigation. Recycling of treated sewages for irrigation is also returned nutrients to the surrounding farms in Karnal. This exercise has saved significant quantities of chemical fertilizer (26-41 Ton of nitrogen, 10-18 Ton of phosphorous and 38-58 Ton of potassium per year) and the overall benefit for farmers during cultivation of one acre of crop was calculated to be approximately $133 per year.

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“…It is well known that the engineered natural treatment systems render quite effective environmental services by treating biodegradable carbonaceous pollutants and by separating suspended loads of particulates (Reinhold et al, 2010). This class of treatment systems typically incorporate river banks, wet-zones and their modified versions such as constructed wetlands (CWs), waste stabilization ponds (WSPs), sewage-fed aquaculture ponds, hyacinth and duckweed ponds, oxidation ponds, algal-bacterial ponds, lemna ponds, polishing ponds, Karnal Technology (KT) for on-land disposal of wastewater etc (Chaturvedi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of natural treatment systems to enhance reuse of treated effluent: A critical assessment

Kumar

Asolekar

2016

Ecological Engineering

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Significance and estimation of oxygen mass transfer coefficient in simulated waste stabilization pond

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Real‐time monitoring of nutrients in the Changjiang Estuary reveals short‐term nutrient‐algal bloom dynamics

Real‐time monitoring of nutrients in the Changjiang Estuary reveals short‐term nutrient‐algal bloom dynamics

Sewage-fed aquaculture: a sustainable approach for wastewater treatment and reuse

Significance of natural treatment systems to enhance reuse of treated effluent: A critical assessment

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