Significance of 19-norandrosterone in athletes’ urine samples

Ayotte, Christiane

doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.028027

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[3] The presence of small amounts of nandrolone metabolites may also have a different origin than the administration of nandrolone or nandrolone precursors. [9,10] The detection of small concentrations of 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone may be a result of in situ demethylation of androsterone and etiocholanolone by bacteria present in the urine. [11] Urine samples collected during pregnancy may contain 19-norandrosterone at a concentration higher than the reporting limit (DL) set by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon isotope ratios of nandrolone, boldenone, and testosterone preparations seized in Norway compared to those of endogenously produced steroids in a Nordic reference population

Hullstein

Sagredo

Hemmersbach

2014

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Determining the origin of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) that also are produced endogenously in the human body is a major issue in doping control. In some cases, the presence of nandrolone and boldenone metabolites might result from endogenous production. The GC-C-IRMS technique (gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry) enables the carbon isotopic ratio (CIR) to be measured to determine the origin of these metabolites. The aim of this study was to use GC-C-IRMS to determine the δ(13) CVPDB values of seized boldenone and nandrolone preparations to decide if the steroids themselves were depleted in (13) C, compared to what is normally seen in endogenously produced steroids. In addition, several testosterone preparations were analyzed. A total of 69 seized preparations were analyzed. The nandrolone preparations showed δ(13) CVPDB values in the range of -31.5 ‰ to -26.7 ‰. The boldenone preparations showed δ(13) CVPDB values in the range of -32.0 ‰ to -27.8 ‰, and for comparison the testosterone preparations showed δ(13) CVPDB values of -31.0 ‰ to -24.2 ‰. The results showed that the values measured in the nandrolone and boldenone preparations were in the same range as those measured in the testosterone preparations. The study also included measurements of CIR of endogenously produced steroids in a Norwegian/Danish reference population. The δ(13) CVPDB values measured for the endogenous steroids in this population were in the range of -21.7 to -26.8. In general, most of the preparations investigated in this study show (13) C-depleted delta values compared to endogenously produced steroids reflecting a northern European diet.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon isotope ratios of nandrolone, boldenone, and testosterone preparations seized in Norway compared to those of endogenously produced steroids in a Nordic reference population

Hullstein

Sagredo

Hemmersbach

2014

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3 In about 1% of the analyses, GC-C-IRMS is used to identify the origin of urinary 19-norandrosterone (NorA). [4][5][6] Additionally, NorA can be formed in urine by in situ microbial degradation of A. [4][5][6] Additionally, NorA can be formed in urine by in situ microbial degradation of A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Study: Atypical δ¹³C values of urinary norandrosterone

Hülsemann

Gougoulidis

Schertel

et al. 2018

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) has been established in doping control analysis to identify the endogenous or exogenous origin of a variety of steroidal analytes including the 19-norsteroid metabolite norandrosterone (NorA). NorA can be found naturally in human urine in trace amounts due to endogenous demethylation or in situ microbial degradation. The administration of nortestosterone (nandrolone) or different prohormones results in the excretion of urinary NorA. Usually, this can be detected by IRMS due to differing δ C values of synthetic 19-norsteroids compared to endogenous reference compounds. The consumption of uncastrated pig edible parts like offal or even meat may also lead to a urinary excretion of NorA. In order to determine the δ C values of such a scenario, urine samples collected after consumption of a wild-boar-testicle meal were analyzed. IRMS revealed highly enriched δ C values for urinary NorA, which could be related to the completely corn-based nutrition of the animal. Isotopic analysis of the boar's bristles demonstrated a dietary change from C -based forage, probably in winter and spring, to a C -based diet in the last weeks to months prior to death. These results supported the interpretation of an atypical test result of a Central European athlete's doping control sample with δ C values for NorA of -18 ‰, most probably caused by the consumption of a wild boar ragout. As stated before, athletes should be fully aware of the risk that consumption of wild boar may result in atypical or even adverse analytical findings in sports drug testing.

show abstract

“…Both sources can be checked for by the occurrence of other specific analytes (gonadotropin hCG < 5 mIU/mL for exclusion of pregnancy or tetrahydro metabolite of norethisterone). In untreated males the urinary norandrosterone concentration is generally very low [13][14][15][73][74][75][76]. As a result of demethylation norandrosterone is reported to be generated from C19 steroids during sample storage only in very low concentrations (<10 ng/mL of urine) [77].…”

Section: Classical Synthetic Anabolic Androgenic Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 97%